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One Mozart song calms people with epilepsy, and we may know why

<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A Mozart sonata has been found to have a calming effect on the brains of those with epilepsy, with new research that may explain why.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Researchers played Mozart’s </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major K448</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> to 16 patients hospitalised with epilepsy who did not respond to medication, with hopes that music could become a new avenue of non-invasive treatment.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“Our ultimate dream is to define an ‘anti-epileptic’ music genre and use music to improve the lives of those with epilepsy,” </span><a href="https://www.sciencealert.com/listening-to-mozart-somehow-helped-people-with-epilepsy"><span style="font-weight: 400;">said</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> Robert Quon of Dartmouth College and a co-author on the new study.</span></p> <p><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/tT9gT5bqi6Y" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In the study, the team monitored the brains of the patients using brain implant sensors to detect the occurrence of short but harmful brain events called IEDs, which epileptics suffer between seizures.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">After 30 seconds of listening to </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">K448</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">, the scientists found that the rate of IEDs decreased, while significant effects were seen in parts of the brain associated with emotion.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">But, it was when they compared the participants’ responses to the structure of the song that they saw a pattern.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The effects of the music seemed to increase during transitions between longer musical phrases, which Dr Quon says may create a sense of anticipation.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">When the phrase is answered in an unexpected way by the next phrase, it creates “a positive emotional response”.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In contrast, patients showed no change in brain activity when listening to other stimuli or songs that weren’t </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">K448</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">, including a Wagner work characterised by changing harmonies but “no recognisable melody”.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">This isn’t the first time </span><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">K448</span></em><span style="font-weight: 400;"> has been shown to have beneficial effects either.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In 1993, scientists claimed that people who listened to the song for 10 minutes or more showed improved spatial reasoning skills.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Since then, more research has tested its effects on various brain functions and disorders such as epilepsy.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The authors of the new study argue that this is the first time that observations have been connected to the song’s structure, which they described as being “organised by contrasting melodic themes, each with its own underlying harmony”.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The study, published in </span><em><a rel="noopener" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-95922-7" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Scientific Reports</span></a></em><span style="font-weight: 400;">, noted that additional testing comparing </span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><em>K448</em> </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">to other pieces may further close in on the song’s therapeutic aspects.</span></p> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Image: Getty</span></em></p>

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Why classical music is better than melancholy music every time

<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Many fans of classical music believe that access to the music of classical composers, such as Beethoven, Mozart and Bach, should be a fundamental human right.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">It makes sense then that they would turn to classical music when they’re experiencing emotional upheaval, as Ian Warden found out.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Warden was most distressed that Robert Mueller found nothing impeachable about Donald Trump’s election campaign and turned to Beethoven to calm him down.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">He told </span><a href="https://www.smh.com.au/national/why-classical-music-trumps-melancholy-every-time-20190327-p5189u.html"><span style="font-weight: 400;">The Daily Telegraph</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">:</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“Classical-music-besotted I routinely listen to fine music and after listening to Beethoven's 7th Symphony (unless you are clinically dead, it is music that makes you break into a dance) my spirits were restored.”</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In the online Canadian magazine called </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">The Walrus</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">, there is a heartfelt and passionate piece written by orchestral conductor Kent Nagano. The piece is called </span><a href="https://thewalrus.ca/in-times-of-crisis-we-need-classical-music/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">In Times of Crisis, We Need Classical Music.</span></a></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The essay outlines that those who live in western industrial societies are living in dreadful times of increasing materialism, consumerism, angst and alienation.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">However, through the darkness, there is a light.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">"I want to show that, because of its powerful impact, classical music can play a significant role right now," Nagano explains.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">"Composers address topics that are relevant to everyone. Their music highlights our worries and fears, our pain and joy. It can help us think more clearly, feel more profoundly, and live fuller lives than we could without it. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“It can alter the way we treat our fellow humans and even our perceptions of ourselves. I want the music my orchestra performs to become a permanent, indispensable dimension of an audience's life.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">"[There] are timeless compositions that address all the uncertainties and insecurities of this epochal period, and they can support us in our search for meaning. Beethoven, for example, was convinced that man had the capacity to change for the better and to grow throughout life. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“This is why there is so much hope in his music. His symphonies were meant to drive people forward. Can we hear this even today? I certainly think so."</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Do you think classical music can inspire hope? Let us know in the comments.</span></p>

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Classical music can help slow down the onset of dementia

<p>New research has found that classical music can help slow down the onset of dementia. Recently scientists discovered that patients who listened to experts of Mozart had enhanced gene activity in the brain in areas including memory and learning.</p><p>Meanwhile, the music also affected the activity of a risk gene connected to Parkinson's disease.&nbsp;</p><p>The Finnish researchers found the changed activity was only present in “musically-experienced” patients, who listened to music regularly, suggesting&nbsp;the importance of familiarity with music.</p><p>Study leader Doctor Irma Jarvela, of Helsinki University, said: “The up-regulation of several genes that are known to be responsible for song learning and singing in songbirds suggest a shared evolutionary background of sound perception between vocalizing birds and humans.”</p><p>He added: “The effect was only detectable in musically experienced participants, suggesting the importance of familiarity and experience in mediating music-induced effects.”</p><p>Dr Jarvela added that the findings could give further insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying music therapy. The effects of this are still largely unknown.</p><p><strong>Related links:</strong></p><p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="/news/news/2015/02/students-design-remember-me-app/" target="_blank"><em><strong>Meet the young students who designed an app to help Alzheimer’s patients</strong></em></a></span></p><p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="/news/news/2015/02/students-design-remember-me-app/" target="_blank"><em><strong>The government has introduced a new program to care for dementia and Alzheimer’s patients</strong></em></a></span></p><p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="/news/news/2015/02/new-dementia-program/" target="_blank"><em><strong>Did you know that studying reduces the risk of Alzheimer’s?</strong></em></a></span></p>

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