I’m getting older, how can I prevent falls?
<p>Falls are common. Each year <a href="https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241563536">one in every three</a> people aged over 65 will fall. Around <a href="https://protect-au.mimecast.com/s/TmbBC6XQ4LfoyR3W3CpQkee?domain=cambridge.org">one in ten falls</a> lead to serious injury. Most of us have a friend or relative who has experienced an injury from a fall and know what a life-changing event it can be.</p>
<p>The most common serious injuries are fractures and brain injuries. Falls can also result in a loss of confidence, which can lead to restriction of activity and a lower quality of life. Many older people never regain their pre-fall level of function and might even struggle to keep living by themselves.</p>
<p>The consequences of falls cost Australia a staggering <a href="https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/injury/falls-in-older-australians-2019-20-hospitalisation/contents/about">$4.3 billion</a> every year. The good news is <a href="https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD012424.pub2/full">20-30% of falls</a> among older Australians can be prevented.</p>
<p><strong>Why do we fall in older age?</strong></p>
<p>Falls happen when there is a mismatch between our physical abilities and the immediate demands of the environment or activity being undertaken.</p>
<p>Falls become more common as we get older because as we age, there is a natural decline in muscle strength, balance and vision, all of which are important for helping us stay upright.</p>
<p>The risk of falls is increased by certain medical conditions (such as Parkinson’s disease, dementia and stroke) and certain medications (such as sleeping tablets).</p>
<p>But this doesn’t mean falls are inevitable.</p>
<p><strong>Exercise makes the most difference</strong></p>
<p><a href="https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/54/15/885">Exercise</a> that aims to improve balance and leg strength is the most effective in preventing falls.</p>
<figure class="align-center zoomable"><a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/462685/original/file-20220512-15-imz9uz.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=1000&fit=clip"><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/462685/original/file-20220512-15-imz9uz.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/462685/original/file-20220512-15-imz9uz.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/462685/original/file-20220512-15-imz9uz.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/462685/original/file-20220512-15-imz9uz.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/462685/original/file-20220512-15-imz9uz.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/462685/original/file-20220512-15-imz9uz.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/462685/original/file-20220512-15-imz9uz.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" alt="Older people doing yoga" /></a><figcaption><span class="caption">Exercise for strength and balance should be done often.</span> <span class="attribution"><span class="source">Shutterstock</span></span></figcaption></figure>
<p>This means exercise that is carried out while standing (not while seated), with the feet positioned close together or while standing on one leg (if safe to do so), while performing controlled movement of the upper body (leaning and reaching movements, for example).</p>
<p>Balance training combined with strength training for the major muscle groups is most effective.</p>
<p>These exercises need to be tailored to individual abilities. Middle-aged people with good physical function will benefit from harder exercises (such as functional training at a gym or boot camp incorporating squats and step-ups).</p>
<p><a href="https://www.safeexerciseathome.org.au/">Effective exercises</a> for people with impaired physical function or frailty will follow the same principles but should be modified for safety and effectiveness. These include everyday activities such as standing up from a seated position without using arms for support, walking up and down stairs, walking in one line, stepping over obstacles or balancing on one leg.</p>
<p>For lasting impacts, it’s important this type of exercise is done often. The <a href="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity">World Health Organization</a> recommends incorporating these exercises two to three times a week as part of the 150-300 minutes a week of moderate activity recommended for improving health.</p>
<p>Not everyone enjoys exercising, which means some people struggle to prioritise it. It’s very important to know nobody is ever “too old” to start exercising, and benefits are gained at any age. But don’t hold off to start exercising either – the earlier we start to build our strength and balance, the better off we will be in our older years.</p>
<p>Starting small and building up the amount and intensity of activity, and choosing something enjoyable, are the best ways to start. If you can’t reach a high dose of exercise initially, any amount is better than nothing.</p>
<figure class="align-center zoomable"><a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/462622/original/file-20220512-12-qljf6d.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=1000&fit=clip"><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/462622/original/file-20220512-12-qljf6d.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/462622/original/file-20220512-12-qljf6d.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=420&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/462622/original/file-20220512-12-qljf6d.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=420&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/462622/original/file-20220512-12-qljf6d.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=420&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/462622/original/file-20220512-12-qljf6d.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=528&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/462622/original/file-20220512-12-qljf6d.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=528&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/462622/original/file-20220512-12-qljf6d.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=528&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" alt="Woman sitting in chair. Woman pushing herself up with her legs. Woman standing." /></a><figcaption><span class="caption">Simple sit-to-stand exercises can improve strength and balance.</span> <span class="attribution"><span class="source">Shutterstock</span></span></figcaption></figure>
<p>If you like exercising in a group, consider finding a local program and invite a friend along for added support and social connection. Your <a href="https://www.activeandhealthy.nsw.gov.au/">state government</a> or local council should have their classes listed online.</p>
<p>If you’re not sure where to start, the best thing to do is to seek professional help to select exercises that suit your abilities and health conditions. Talk to your GP, local <a href="https://choose.physio/find-a-physio">physio</a> or <a href="https://www.essa.org.au/find-aep/">exercise physiologist</a>.</p>
<p><strong>What else can we do to prevent falls?</strong></p>
<p>In addition to exercise to improve balance and strength, other actions that can reduce the risk of falls include talking to your doctor or pharmacist to review your medications, seeing a podiatrist if you have painful feet, and maximising the safety of your home environment by installing adequate lighting and grab rails, and ensuring walkways are free from clutter and liquid spills.</p>
<figure class="align-center zoomable"><a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/462669/original/file-20220512-20-arf332.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=1000&fit=clip"><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/462669/original/file-20220512-20-arf332.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/462669/original/file-20220512-20-arf332.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/462669/original/file-20220512-20-arf332.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/462669/original/file-20220512-20-arf332.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=400&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/462669/original/file-20220512-20-arf332.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/462669/original/file-20220512-20-arf332.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/462669/original/file-20220512-20-arf332.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=503&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" alt="Man with his GP" /></a><figcaption><span class="caption">If you have had a fall or are worried about mobility, talk to your GP.</span> <span class="attribution"><span class="source">Shutterstock</span></span></figcaption></figure>
<p>Falls are not inevitable as we age. We need investment in strategies to help older Australians stay active and independent, and avoid falls. Despite knowing what works to avoid them, we have no national policy or strategy to implement and fund fall prevention programs. Doing so would not only help older Australians, but the budget bottom-line too.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/182043/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p>
<p><em><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/anne-tiedemann-409380" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Anne Tiedemann</a>, Professor of Physical Activity and Health, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-sydney-841" target="_blank" rel="noopener">University of Sydney</a>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/cathie-sherrington-561141" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Cathie Sherrington</a>, Professor, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-sydney-841" target="_blank" rel="noopener">University of Sydney</a>, and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/kim-delbaere-667" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Kim Delbaere</a>, Senior Principal Research Scientist, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/neuroscience-research-australia-976" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Neuroscience Research Australia</a></em></p>
<p><em>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/im-getting-older-how-can-i-prevent-falls-182043" target="_blank" rel="noopener">original article</a>.</em></p>
<p><em>Image: Getty Images</em></p>