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Huge reward to help solve cold case of missing mum

<p>Police are offering a $500,000 reward for information to help solve a cold case that suspect was a murder. </p> <p>Tammy Lisa Dyson, also known as Tamela Menzies, was 23 when went missing from the Currumbin area in 1995. </p> <p>The mother of two was picked up from a drug rehab clinic by a woman claiming to be her sister on July 20, 1995 and has not been seen since. </p> <p>Dyson was born and raised in Victoria before moving to Brisbane in 1988, where she worked in the adult entertainment industry under the nickname "Pebbles". </p> <p>Police believe she began mixing with criminals and using drugs while working in strip clubs on the Gold Coast.</p> <p>In early 1995 Dyson arranged for her young sons, Jyles and Rainey, to stay with their grandmother in Victoria temporarily.</p> <p>A few months later she made a distressed call to her sister Olivia, who said she had been assaulted. </p> <p>Olivia and her partner then dropped Dyson off to a drug rehabilitation centre at Currumbin on the Gold Coast, and on July 20, 1995 she was picked up by someone claiming to be her sister. </p> <p>The following day, Tammy completed a statutory declaration signed by a Justice of the Peace in Tweed Heads, giving custody of her children and her possessions to her mother.</p> <p>She also called her sister one last time, with Olivia recalling that Tammy "didn't sound like herself" and she had mentioned underworld figures. </p> <p>Police have received a number of reported sightings of Tammy since 1995 but all proof of life inquiries have  been proven negative.</p> <p>In 2012, the Queensland coroner said that they believed Tammy was deceased and indicated that she may have been a victim of violence, although a certain date, time and cause of death have not been determined. </p> <p>Police are now offering the huge reward for new information and immunity from prosecution for any accomplice who comes forward.</p> <p>"Tammy associated with criminals that were known to police and vanished without a trace after giving custody of her children and possessions to her mother; we believe the circumstances of her disappearance is suspicious," Detective Senior Sergeant Tara Kentwell said.</p> <p>On Wednesday, her sons, who were only three and one when their mother disappeared, made an emotional appeal for public help to find her. </p> <p>"Growing up without mum and not knowing what happened to her has been very hard," Jyles Lebler said through tears during a media conference. </p> <p>"Whoever has picked her up, I'm not saying they have done something but they must know something bad has happened."</p> <p>"We hope we find out what to mum to give grandma some closure before it's too late," Rainey added.</p> <p><em>Images: Queensland Police</em></p>

Legal

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Who will look after us in our final years? A pay rise alone won’t solve aged-care workforce shortages

<p><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/stephen-duckett-10730">Stephen Duckett</a>, <em><a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/the-university-of-melbourne-722">The University of Melbourne</a></em></p> <p>Aged-care workers will receive a significant pay increase after the Fair Work Commission <a href="https://www.fwc.gov.au/documents/decisionssigned/pdf/2024fwcfb150.pdf">ruled</a> they deserved substantial wage rises of up to 28%. The federal government <a href="https://ministers.dewr.gov.au/burke/fair-work-decision-aged-care">has committed to</a> the increases, but is yet to announce when they will start.</p> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet"> <p dir="ltr" lang="en">Tens of thousands of aged care workers will receive a major pay rise after the Fair Work Commission recommended the increase. <a href="https://t.co/NeNt1Gvxd9">https://t.co/NeNt1Gvxd9</a></p> <p>— SBS News (@SBSNews) <a href="https://twitter.com/SBSNews/status/1768557710537068889?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">March 15, 2024</a></p></blockquote> <p>But while wage rises for aged-care workers are welcome, this measure alone will not fix all workforce problems in the sector. The number of people over 80 is expected to <a href="https://treasury.gov.au/sites/default/files/2023-08/p2023-435150.pdf">triple over the next 40 years</a>, driving an increase in the number of aged care workers needed.</p> <h2>How did we get here?</h2> <p>The Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety, which delivered its <a href="https://www.royalcommission.gov.au/aged-care/final-report">final report</a> in March 2021, identified a litany of tragic failures in the regulation and delivery of aged care.</p> <p>The former Liberal government was dragged reluctantly to accept that a total revamp of the aged-care system was needed. But its <a href="https://www.health.gov.au/ministers/the-hon-greg-hunt-mp/media/respect-care-and-dignity-aged-care-royal-commission-452-million-immediate-response-as-government-commits-to-historic-reform-to-deliver-respect-and-care-for-senior-australians#:%7E:text=Minister%20for%20Senior%20Australians%20and,%2C%20dementia%2C%20food%20and%20nutrition.">weak response</a> left the heavy lifting to the incoming Labor government.</p> <p>The current government’s response started well, with a <a href="https://theconversation.com/anthony-albanese-offers-2-5-billion-plan-to-fix-crisis-in-aged-care-180419">significant injection of funding</a> and a promising regulatory response. But it too has failed to pursue a visionary response to the problems identified by the Royal Commission.</p> <p>Action was needed on four fronts:</p> <ul> <li>ensuring enough staff to provide care</li> <li>building a functioning regulatory system to encourage good care and weed out bad providers</li> <li>designing and introducing a fair payment system to distribute funds to providers and</li> <li>implementing a financing system to pay for it all and achieve intergenerational equity.</li> </ul> <p>A government taskforce which proposed a <a href="https://theconversation.com/what-will-aged-care-look-like-for-the-next-generation-more-of-the-same-but-higher-out-of-pocket-costs-225551">timid response to the fourth challenge</a> – an equitable financing system – was released at the start of last week.</p> <p>Consultation closed on a <a href="https://media.opan.org.au/uploads/2024/03/240308_Aged-Care-Act-Exposure-Draft-Joint-Submission_FINAL.pdf">very poorly designed new regulatory regime</a> the week before.</p> <p>But the big news came at end of the week when the Fair Work Commission handed down a further <a href="https://www.fwc.gov.au/documents/decisionssigned/pdf/2024fwcfb150.pdf">determination</a> on what aged-care workers should be paid, confirming and going beyond a previous <a href="https://www.fwc.gov.au/documents/sites/work-value-aged-care/decisions-statements/2022fwcfb200.pdf">interim determination</a>.</p> <h2>What did the Fair Work Commission find?</h2> <p>Essentially, the commission determined that work in industries with a high proportion of women workers has been traditionally undervalued in wage-setting. This had consequences for both care workers in the aged-care industry (nurses and <a href="https://training.gov.au/Training/Details/CHC33021">Certificate III-qualified</a> personal-care workers) and indirect care workers (cleaners, food services assistants).</p> <p>Aged-care staff will now get significant pay increases – 18–28% increase for personal care workers employed under the Aged Care Award, inclusive of the increase awarded in the interim decision.</p> <figure class="align-center "><figcaption></figcaption>Indirect care workers were awarded a general increase of 3%. Laundry hands, cleaners and food services assistants will receive a further 3.96% <a href="https://www.fwc.gov.au/documents/decision-summaries/2024fwcfb150-summary.pdf">on the grounds</a> they “interact with residents significantly more regularly than other indirect care employees”.</figure> <p>The final increases for registered and enrolled nurses will be determined in the next few months.</p> <h2>How has the sector responded?</h2> <p>There has been no push-back from employer groups or conservative politicians. This suggests the uplift is accepted as fair by all concerned.</p> <p>The interim increases of up to 15% probably facilitated this acceptance, with the <a href="https://theconversation.com/what-does-the-budget-mean-for-medicare-medicines-aged-care-and-first-nations-health-192842">recognition of the community</a> that care workers should be paid more than fast food workers.</p> <p>There was <a href="https://www.accpa.asn.au/media-releases/accpa-welcomes-further-aged-care-wage-rises">no criticism from aged-care providers</a> either. This is probably because they are facing difficulty in recruiting staff at current wage rates. And because government payments to providers reflect the <a href="https://www.ihacpa.gov.au/">actual cost of aged care</a>, increased payments will automatically flow to providers.</p> <p>When the increases will flow has yet to be determined. The government is due to give its recommendations for staging implementation by mid-April.</p> <h2>Is the workforce problem fixed?</h2> <p>An increase in wages is necessary, but alone is not sufficient to solve workforce shortages.</p> <p>The health- and social-care workforce is <a href="https://www.jobsandskills.gov.au/data/employment-projections">predicted</a> to grow faster than any other sector over the next decade. The “care economy” will <a href="https://theconversation.com/care-economy-to-balloon-in-an-australia-of-40-5-million-intergenerational-report-211876">grow</a> from around 8% to around 15% of GDP over the next 40 years.</p> <p>This means a greater proportion of school-leavers will need to be attracted to the aged-care sector. Aged care will also need to attract and retrain workers displaced from industries in decline and attract suitably skilled migrants and refugees with appropriate language skills.</p> <p>The <a href="https://theconversation.com/demand-driven-funding-for-universities-is-frozen-what-does-this-mean-and-should-the-policy-be-restored-116060">caps on university and college enrolments</a> imposed by the previous government, coupled with weak student demand for places in key professions (such as nursing), has meant workforce shortages will continue for a few more years, despite the allure of increased wages.</p> <p>A significant increase in intakes into university and vocational education college courses preparing students for health and social care is still required. Better pay will help to increase student demand, but funding to expand place numbers will ensure there are enough qualified staff for the aged-care system of the future. <!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/225898/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p> <p><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/stephen-duckett-10730">Stephen Duckett</a>, Honorary Enterprise Professor, School of Population and Global Health, and Department of General Practice and Primary Care, <em><a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/the-university-of-melbourne-722">The University of Melbourne</a></em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/who-will-look-after-us-in-our-final-years-a-pay-rise-alone-wont-solve-aged-care-workforce-shortages-225898">original article</a>.</em></p> <p><em>Image: Getty</em></p>

Retirement Income

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13 Titanic mysteries that may never be solved

<p><strong>Was it even the Titanic?</strong></p> <p>Everyone agrees that a luxury liner set sail on April 10, 1912, and sank five days later, taking the lives of around 1500 of the 2223 passengers aboard. But that’s pretty much where the consensus ends. Some insist the ship that sank wasn’t the Titanic, but rather, the nearly identical R.M.S. Olympic.</p> <p>As the story goes, the Olympic had been damaged in an accident the year before, but in order to score a bigger insurance payoff, the ships’ common owners passed off the Olympic as the Titanic and then deliberately sank it. While there are lots of holes in this Titanic theory, serial numbers found on parts of the ship that didn’t sink support it.</p> <p><strong>Did a fire actually seal the ship's fate?</strong></p> <p>A recent documentary offers credible evidence that the Titanic (let’s just call it that, for argument’s sake) had been damaged by a coal fire, which had been raging for three weeks before the ship even set sail.</p> <p>The damage would have weakened the hull of the ship, thus hastening the ship’s sinking when it collided with an iceberg. (If it collided with an iceberg, which is another Titanic mystery we discuss below.)</p> <p><strong>Why was the captain speeding?</strong></p> <p>For decades, people believed that Captain Smith was speeding through the iceberg-heavy waters of the North Atlantic because he wanted the Titanic to cross the Atlantic faster than her sister ship, the Olympic.</p> <p>But in 2004, the Geological Society of America published an academic paper by engineer Robert H. Essenhigh with a different theory: It claimed the real reason the Titanic’s captain was speeding was to burn coal as quickly as possible in order to control the coal fire mentioned above.</p> <p><strong>What caused the ship to break into two pieces?</strong></p> <p>On September 1, 1985, oceanographer Robert Ballard discovered the wreckage four kilometres below the ocean surface, along with the surprising news that the ship had broken in two before sinking. Previously, everyone had thought that the ship sank intact after colliding with an iceberg while speeding recklessly through icy waters near the coast of Newfoundland.</p> <p>Ballard’s discovery led to a new theory: that the ship’s splitting into two pieces, which “may have been the difference between life and death,” was the result of design flaws and the skimping on quality materials by the owners and/or builders.</p> <p><strong>Did a torpedo sink the Titanic?</strong></p> <p>Most believe that the Titanic sank after hitting an iceberg on April 14 (regardless of other contributing factors). But not everyone. Some think that the Titanic was torpedoed by a German U-boat. This theory doesn’t seem all that far-fetched considering that three years later in 1915, a German U-boat did sink a passenger ship, the Lusitania.</p> <p>However, it’s possible that torpedo theorists are confusing the Titanic with the Lusitania. It’s also possible that they’re confusing the Titanic with the Olympic, which had sustained damage after colliding with a military vessel in 1911. Still, the presence of several other ships in the vicinity of the Titanic’s sinking leaves the question open.</p> <p><strong>Was there even an iceberg?</strong></p> <p>Assuming the Titanic didn’t collide with, and wasn’t torpedoed by, another ship, it’s safe to believe that it hit an iceberg, right? Not necessarily. Professional mariner Captain L.M. Collins maintains that if the Titanic had hit an iceberg, it would have gone down in mere minutes.</p> <p>Instead, Collins and his followers believe that the Titanic must have hit a hidden floe of “pack ice” (multi-year-old sheets of ice floating near the ocean surface) that had made its way into the Atlantic from the Arctic Ocean. Collins points out discrepancies in eyewitness accounts, which may actually be due to various natural optical illusions. If only the crew had binoculars, right?</p> <p><strong>Why didn't the crew have binoculars?</strong></p> <p>Surely, if the crew had binoculars, they would have seen the danger in time to change course. But the Titanic’s entire supply of binoculars was locked away in a storage compartment. And a crew member who had been transferred off the ship just before it set sail had the key.</p> <p>The crew member later claimed he “forgot” to hand over the key. But did he forget? Or did he deliberately hold onto it? And if so, was it to further the insurance fraud mentioned above? Or was it something else entirely?</p> <p><strong>If there was a warning, why didn't anyone take it seriously?</strong></p> <p>Even without binoculars, the Titanic might have had time to change course before its collision if someone had warned the crew. But here’s the thing: Someone did warn the crew. An hour before the collision, a nearby ship, the S.S. Californian, had radioed to say that it had been stopped by “dense field ice.”</p> <p>However, the Titanic’s radio operator, Jack Phillips, never conveyed the warning to Captain Smith. Some say the message was deliberately conveyed as “non-urgent,” but we will never know for sure since Phillips went down with the ship.</p> <p><strong>Did the Californian have something to do with it?</strong></p> <p>This cruise liner was less than 20 kilometres away from where the Titanic sank. It sent a warning to the Titanic about the dangerously icy conditions, which may have been relayed as a non-urgent matter.</p> <p>Later, the Californian crew reportedly ignored the Titanic’s distress signals, although they claimed they were not aware of those signals because their radio operator had gone off duty. Did the Californian really not notice what was happening within plain view?</p> <p><strong>The "third" ship</strong></p> <p>The Californian may not have been the only ship that ignored the Titanic’s distress signals. A Norwegian ship, the Samson, may have been nearby as well.</p> <p>In fact, some believe that the Samson was closer to the Titanic than the Californian but ignored her distress signals in order to avoid prosecution for illegal seal-hunting. This is a popular theory among defenders of the Californian’s captain, but whether it’s true remains a mystery.</p> <p><strong>Did J.P. Morgan plan the whole thing?</strong></p> <p>Some who believe the Titanic took the place of the damaged Olympic blame financier J.P. Morgan, who was one of the owners of the company that owned both ships. Morgan was one of the wealthiest people on the planet at the time, and he wielded considerable power.</p> <p>In addition, he was a last-minute no-show on the Titanic’s sole voyage. Why did Morgan – and his entire family – not end up on the ship? Did he know what was going to happen? Did he plan it?</p> <p><strong>Was it a murder plot?</strong></p> <p>Some believe the sinking had nothing to do with insurance money, but rather that J.P. Morgan engineered the sinking to kill off his rivals: Jacob Astor, Isidor Straus, and Benjamin Guggenheim, all of whom perished aboard. But how did Morgan plan to pull it off? Neither the insurance theory nor the murder theory takes that into account.</p> <p><strong>Why weren't there enough lifeboats?</strong></p> <p>“No matter what caused the Titanic to sink, such a massive loss of life could probably have been avoided if the ship had carried sufficient lifeboats for its passengers and crew,” notes History.com. So then why did the uber-luxury liner have only 20 lifeboats, the legal minimum? Why did the ship’s owners decide to ignore recommendations to carry 50 per cent more lifeboats?</p> <p>If the sinking were “merely” an insurance scam, how can the devastating lack of lifeboats be explained? This seems to dovetail more with a murder plot. But it also could be nothing more than cost-cutting on the part of the ship’s owners.</p> <p><em>Image credits: Getty Images</em></p> <p><em>This article originally appeared on <a href="https://www.readersdigest.com.au/food-home-garden/13-titanic-mysteries-that-may-never-be-solved-2?pages=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Reader's Digest</a>. </em></p>

Cruising

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Masterchef’s greatest mystery finally solved

<p>A former <em>Masterchef </em>contestant has satisfied the cravings of curious viewers all across the world by finally revealing what becomes of each episode’s leftovers. </p> <p>The cooking competition regularly sees contestants create extravagant dishes to offer the show’s trio of judges - Melissa Leong, Jock Zonfrillo, and Andy Allen. And as any member of the audience can attest, the three rarely polish off an entire plate of food, leading many to wonder - since the show’s inception in 2009 - what happens to the rest of the meals. </p> <p><em>As Now To Love</em> have reported, ‘doggie bags’ are Masterchef’s most encouraged waste prevention manoeuvre. While the judges reportedly eat “most” of what’s on offer, and the contestants will have a small sample of each others’ creations, the take-home bags are the final step towards dealing with any leftovers hanging about when filming wraps. </p> <p>Melissa Leong was the one to spill the beans on the leftover situation while speaking to New Zealand’s <em>Stuff</em>, telling them that while filming she only ever tries enough to trust her own judgement, and that “sometimes when something is especially tasty it is very difficult not to go back for a second, third or fourth bite, but part of the job is exercising restraint.''</p> <p>''I'm not going to lie, there are definitely days where I do not need to have dinner or lunch because I do most of my eating on camera.''</p> <p>And when it comes to the dishes themselves? Clean up is a one man job, with <em>Masterchef</em>’s executive producer Margaret Bashfield revealing that Leigh Dowling, their dishwasher, “washes everything you see.</p> <p>"He's the happiest bloke on the team, even when he gets pots that are horribly burnt on the bottom."</p> <p>With the show gearing up for its 15th season, and a focus on ‘Secrets &amp; Surprises’, the crew are bound to have their work cut out for them, as well as a few changes to navigate along the way.</p> <p>The high-pressure series will have a shorter runtime than in its previous 14 seasons, taking a step away from its two month marathon as the showrunners aim to keep audiences engaged over the course of the competition.</p> <p>The pressure will be on for the new batch of contestants from the moment they step into the kitchen, as Melissa declares in the series’ promotional material, “we’ve loaded up the biggest surprise ever on day one of the competition”, before revealing that celebrity chef Jamie Oliver will be joining the cast. Additionally, competitors are set to face some of the biggest challenges ever seen on <em>Masterchef</em>, life-changing dishes, and guest judges some could only dream of ever cooking for - or, as the case may be, preparing a scrumptious bag of leftovers for. </p> <p><em>Images: Twitter</em></p>

TV

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How ‘ugly’ fruit and vegetables could tackle food waste and solve supermarket supply shortages

<p>The world is facing a significant food waste problem, with <a href="https://www.fao.org/3/i4068e/i4068e.pdf">up to half of all fruit and vegetables</a> lost somewhere along the agricultural food chain. Globally, around <a href="https://www.fao.org/3/ca6030en/ca6030en.pdf">14% of food produced</a> is lost after harvesting but before it reaches shops and supermarkets.</p> <p>Alongside food prices (66%), food waste is a concern for 60% of people that participated in a <a href="https://www.food.gov.uk/research/food-and-you-2/food-and-you-2-wave-5">recent survey</a> published by the UK Food Standards Agency. <a href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201617/cmselect/cmenvfru/429/429.pdf">Other research</a> suggests that as much as 25% of apples, 20% of onions and 13% of potatoes grown in the UK are destroyed because they don’t look right. This means that producers’ efforts to meet stringent specifications from buyers can lead to <a href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201617/cmselect/cmenvfru/429/429.pdf">perfectly edible produce being discarded</a> before it even leaves the farm – simply because of how it looks.</p> <p>Aside from the ongoing environmental implications of this food waste, UK shoppers currently face <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/mar/04/food-tsar-blames-shortages-on-uks-weird-supermarket-culture">produce rationing in some supermarkets</a> due to <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2023/02/28/british-supermarkets-are-rationing-fruit-and-vegetables-amid-shortages.html">shortages of items like tomatoes, cucumbers and raspberries</a>. Any solutions that increase locally grown produce on shop shelves could improve the availability of fresh food, particularly in urban areas.</p> <p>When imperfect fruit and vegetables don’t make it to supermarket shelves, it can be due to <a href="https://cases.open.ubc.ca/insistence-on-cosmetically-perfect-fruits-vegetables/">cosmetic standards</a>. Supermarkets and consumers often prefer produce of a fairly standard size that’s free of blemishes, scars and other imperfections. This means fruit and vegetables that are misshapen, discoloured, or even too small or too large, are rejected before they make it to supermarket shelves.</p> <p>In recent years there has been a growing trend of selling such “ugly” fruit and vegetables, both by <a href="https://my.morrisons.com/wonky-fruit-veg/">major</a> <a href="https://www.waitrose.com/ecom/content/sustainability/food-waste">supermarket</a> <a href="https://www.tescoplc.com/news/2021/wonky-veg-5th-anniversary/">chains</a>, as well as <a href="https://wonkyvegboxes.co.uk/">speciality</a> <a href="https://www.misfitsmarket.com/?exp=plans_rollback">retailers</a> that sell <a href="https://www.oddbox.co.uk/">boxes</a> of <a href="https://etepetete-bio.de/">wonky produce</a>. And research has shown that 87% of people say they would <a href="https://www.thegrocer.co.uk/fruit-and-veg/nearly-90-of-consumers-would-eat-wonky-fruit-and-veg-according-to-new-survey/670155.article">eat wonky fruit and vegetables if they were available</a>. But other research indicates consumers can still be picky and difficult to predict. One study <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950329316302002?via%3Dihub">showed</a> consumers are likely to throw away an apple with a spot, but would eat a bent cucumber.</p> <h2>Getting ugly produce into baskets</h2> <p>So how can producers and retailers boost the amount of non-standard fruit and veg that not only reaches our shelves, but also our plates? <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377221723000668">Our recent research</a> suggests a separate channel for selling ugly produce would increase profits for growers, lower prices for consumers and boost overall demand for produce.</p> <p>For growers, a dedicated channel – either independent or set up by a supermarket – to supply wonky fruit and veg creates a new line of business. For retailers, this provides an opportunity for further revenue over and above current sales of standard produce to shops. When selling both types of product to a single retailer, the ugly items might be undervalued compared with the standard-looking products. Our research also shows that selling the ugly produce through a dedicated channel is likely to increase total demand for fruit and vegetables, while also decreasing on-farm loss.</p> <p>Having two parallel channels for selling produce (the main one and the dedicated “ugly” channel) would increase competition. This benefits shoppers by lowering prices for regular and ugly produce, versus selling both types of products alongside each other in one shop.</p> <p>On the other hand, the growing market for ugly fruit and vegetables could be an economic threat to traditional retailers. It encourages new entrants into the market and could also limit the availability of “regular” produce because growers could become less stringent about ensuring produce meets traditional cosmetic standards.</p> <p>But there is a way for traditional retailers to add ugly produce into their product offerings alongside other produce without affecting their profits. By building on existing consumer awareness of the environmental benefits of ugly food, they could also compete in this growing segment. This would benefit their bottom lines and help consumer acceptance of misshapen fruit and vegetables, possibly leading to less food waste and shortages like those UK shoppers are experiencing right now.</p> <p>Boosting demand for imperfect fruit and vegetables across the supply chain will require all participants to get involved – from grower to seller. Here are some steps the various parties could take:</p> <h2>1. Educating consumers</h2> <p>Education about the environmental and economic impact of food waste could happen through marketing campaigns, in-store displays and even social media.</p> <h2>2. Reducing cosmetic standards</h2> <p>Supermarkets and other major food retailers could revise their cosmetic standards to accept a wider range of produce, including imperfect fruit and vegetables. This would help reduce food waste by making sure more produce is able to be sold.</p> <h2>3. Direct sales</h2> <p>Farmers and growers could sell non-standard produce directly to consumers through farmers’ markets or subscription services. This allows consumers to purchase fresh, locally grown produce that might not meet cosmetic standards for supermarkets but that is just as nutritionally beneficial.</p> <h2>4. Food donations</h2> <p>Supermarkets and growers could donate produce rejected for how it looks to food banks, shelters and other organisations that serve those in need. This would help reduce food waste while also providing healthy food to those who might not otherwise have access to it.</p> <h2>5. Value-added products</h2> <p>Produce that doesn’t meet cosmetic standards could also be used to create other products such as soups, sauces and juices. In addition to reducing food waste, this would create new revenue streams for growers and retailers.</p> <h2>6. Food composting</h2> <p>Anything that cannot be sold or otherwise used should be composted. This would help reduce food waste while also creating nutrient-rich soil for future crops.</p> <p>By implementing these solutions, the supply chain can reduce the amount of ugly or imperfect fruit and vegetables that are wasted, while also providing consumers with healthy, affordable produce, even in times of supply chain shortages.</p> <p><em>This article originally appeared on <a href="https://theconversation.com/how-ugly-fruit-and-vegetables-could-tackle-food-waste-and-solve-supermarket-supply-shortages-201216" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Conversation</a>.</em></p> <p><em>Images: Getty</em></p>

Food & Wine

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AI may have solved a debate on whether a dinoprint was from a herbivore or meat eater

<p>An international team of researchers has, for the first time, used AI to analyse the tracks of dinosaurs, and the AI has come out on top – beating trained palaeontologists at their own game.</p> <p>“In extreme examples of theropod and ornithopod footprints, their footprint shapes are easy to tell apart -theropod with long, narrow toes and ornithopods with short, dumpy toes. But it is the tracks that are in-between these shapes that are not so clear cut in terms of who made them,” one of the researchers, University of Queensland palaeontologist Dr Anthony Romilio, told <em>Cosmos.</em></p> <p>“We wanted to see if AI could learn these differences and, if so, then could be tested in distinguishing more challenging three-toed footprints.”</p> <p>Theropods are meat eating dinosaurs, while ornithopods are plant eating, and getting this analysis wrong can alter the data which shows diversity and abundance of dinosaurs in the area, or could even change what we think are the behaviours of certain dinos.</p> <p>One set of dinosaur prints in particular had been a struggle for the researchers to analyse. Large footprints at the Dinosaur Stampede National monument in Queensland had divided Romilio and his colleagues. The mysterious tracks were thought to be left during the mid-Cretaceous Period, around 93 million years ago, and could have been from either a meat eating theropod or a plant eating ornithopod.</p> <p>“I consider them footprints of a plant-eater while my colleagues share the much wider consensus that they are theropod tracks.”</p> <div class="advert ad-in-content"><!-- CosmosMagazine - MPU- In Content (00000000001fc2ca) --></p> <div id="adn-00000000001fc2ca" style="display: none;"></div> </div> <p>So, an AI called a Convolutional Neutral Network, was brought in to be a deciding factor.</p> <p>“We were pretty stuck, so thank god for modern technology,” says <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jens-Lallensack" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Dr Jens Lallensack</a>, lead author from Liverpool John Moores University in the UK.</p> <p>“In our research team of three, one person was pro-meat-eater, one person was undecided, and one was pro-plant-eater.</p> <div class="newsletter-box"> <div id="wpcf7-f6-p224866-o1" class="wpcf7" dir="ltr" lang="en-US" role="form"> <form class="wpcf7-form mailchimp-ext-0.5.62 spai-bg-prepared init" action="/history/dinosaur-ai-theropod-ornithopods/#wpcf7-f6-p224866-o1" method="post" novalidate="novalidate" data-status="init"> <p style="display: none !important;"><span class="wpcf7-form-control-wrap referer-page"><input class="wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text referer-page" name="referer-page" type="hidden" value="https://cosmosmagazine.com/technology/" data-value="https://cosmosmagazine.com/technology/" aria-invalid="false" /></span></p> <p><!-- Chimpmail extension by Renzo Johnson --></form> </div> </div> <p>“So – to really check our science – we decided to go to five experts for clarification, plus use AI.”</p> <p>The AI was given nearly 1,500 already known tracks to learn which dinosaurs were which. The tracks were simple line drawings to make it easier for the AI to analyse.</p> <div class="advert ad-in-content"><!-- CosmosMagazine - MPU- In Content (00000000001fc2ca) --></p> <div id="adn-00000000001fc2ca" style="display: none;"></div> </div> <p>Then they began testing. Firstly, 36 new tracks were given to a team of experts, the AI and the researchers.</p> <p>“Each of us had to sort these into the categories of footprints left by meat-eaters and those by plant-eaters,” says Romilio.</p> <p>“In this the ai was the clear winner with 90% correctly identified. Me and one of my colleagues came next with ~75% correct.”</p> <p>Then, they went for the crown jewel – the Dinosaur Stampede National monument tracks. When the AI analysed this it came back with a pretty strong result that they’re plant eating ornithopod tracks. It’s not entirely sure though, the data suggests that there’s a 1 in 5,000,000 chance it could be a theropod instead.</p> <div class="advert ad-in-content"><!-- CosmosMagazine - MPU- In Content (00000000001fc2ca) --></p> <div id="adn-00000000001fc2ca" style="display: none;"></div> </div> <p>This is still early days for using AI in this way. In the future. the researchers are hoping for funding for a FrogID style app which anyone could use to analyse dinosaur tracks.</p> <p>“Our hope is to develop an app so anyone can take a photo on their smartphone, use the app and it will tell you what type of dinosaur track it is,” says Romilio.</p> <p>“It will also be useful for drone work survey for dinosaur tracksites, collecting and analysing image data and identifying fossil footprints remotely.” The paper has been published in the <a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2022.0588" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Royal Society Interface</em></a>.</p> <p><!-- Start of tracking content syndication. Please do not remove this section as it allows us to keep track of republished articles --></p> <p><img id="cosmos-post-tracker" style="opacity: 0; height: 1px!important; width: 1px!important; border: 0!important; position: absolute!important; z-index: -1!important;" src="https://syndication.cosmosmagazine.com/?id=224866&amp;title=AI+may+have+solved+a+debate+on+whether+a+dinoprint+was+from+a+herbivore+or+meat+eater" width="1" height="1" /></p> <p><!-- End of tracking content syndication --></p> <div id="contributors"> <p><em><a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/history/dinosaur-ai-theropod-ornithopods/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">This article</a> was originally published on Cosmos Magazine and was written by Jacinta Bowler.</em></p> <p><em>Image: Getty Images</em></p> </div>

Technology

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Emergency response via wifi proposed to solve a wicked problem

<p>Concern that tourists and travellers are not receiving local, up to date emergency information has sparked the idea that won the inaugural Natural Hazards Research Australia Disaster Challenge Final in Brisbane.</p> <p>Dr Kamarah Pooley and Mark Owens are behind the winning concept, which addresses what Natural Hazards Research (NHRA) describes as “a wicked problem” in the pantheon of problems caused by climate change.</p> <p>Pooley and Owens proposed using Wi-Fi captive portals to reach tourists and tourism workers with disaster preparation and prevention information.</p> <p>According to Pooley, an early-career researcher from Fire and Rescue New South Wales, the idea focuses on positive and practical information that people can use while on holiday to stay safe from floods, bushfires, cyclones and other natural hazards.</p> <p>The concept outlines a short video with tips about how to access emergency information and what to do if disaster strikes – customised to the local area – which would play before tourists access Wi-Fi services at accommodation or eateries.<br /> <br />“Accessing free Wi-Fi is essential for holiday makers and our approach is another way to reach people who are hard to reach through current communication channels,” said Owens, an early-career researcher from the Country Fire Authority in Victoria.</p> <p>“Wi-Fi portals are a way that holiday makers can receive the vital information they need to make informed decisions during a natural hazard.”<br /> <br />As NHRA CEO Andrew Gissing explained, “emergency management is full of wicked problems and new thinking is our way forward. We cannot keep doing things the same way and expecting a different result.”</p> <p>Pooley told Cosmos “Existing sources of disaster information build resilience in communities through targeted programs, resources and messages that are designed for defined, static populations.</p> <p>“While existing efforts are effective at reducing the risk and consequences of disasters for permanent residents and workers, there is little evidence to suggest that these approaches are applicable to transient communities.</p> <p>“Tourists have unstructured routines, making them difficult to access in a systematic way. Travellers are inherently difficult to reach. This is especially concerning when travellers are from overseas and are not aware of any of the usual sources of information, such as which radio stations to listen to, social media accounts to follow, or mobile applications to download.”</p> <h2>So why would tourists access the emergency response content?</h2> <p>“While our idea does not require tourists and tourism workers to access a Wi-Fi network, it taps into the large-scale adoption of wireless services and the everyday behaviours of an increasing tech savvy population to reach people who are on the move.</p> <p>“Australia has embraced wireless services and Wi-Fi is now considered an integral part of public infrastructure. Free Wi-Fi is increasingly rolling out, particularly in places frequented by tourists and tourism workers, such as accommodation, information centres, cafes, restaurants, parks, airports, and on airlines and buses.</p> <p>“Captive portals are web pages that users must view and interact with before accessing a Wi-Fi network. Any tourist or tourism worker who attempts to access a Wi-Fi network will have to watch a disaster preparedness video tailored to that time and place. After they have viewed the video, they will be provided with access to the Wi-Fi network.</p> <p>“Travellers are heavy consumers of wireless services. By tapping into Wi-Fi, we can deliver systematic disaster preparedness information to a large proportion and wide variety of travellers.”</p> <p>Emergency agencies and local media and the ABC have spent fifteen years trying to ensure they can deliver emergency information to local communities. Pooley says travellers require different messaging to permanent residents.</p> <p>“Many tourists are new to the local area and are unaware of the temporal and place-based factors influencing risk. They do not have accurate perceptions of risk and how disasters may interact with that season or place. They generally do not know what to do when a disaster occurs in that context. As a result, travellers need tailored information.</p> <p>“For example, while most locals know the local area, travellers often do not. We recommend that travellers download an offline map of the local area so that, in the event of a disaster and loss of telecommunication services, they have access to a map that will help them leave an area that is unsafe.  </p> <p>“While most locals will know to listen to their local ABC radio, scroll through local emergency services social media pages, and download certain mobile applications such as the NSW RFS’ Fires Near Me app, travellers will not, especially if they are from overseas.</p> <p>“Our messaging will show travellers what apps to download and which channels to follow. During the 2019-2020 bushfire crisis, tens of thousands of travellers rushed to petrol stations and supermarkets, emptying local towns of fuel and food.</p> <p>“Our messaging encourages travellers to keep their fuel tank full, carry extra food and water, and leave early to avoid placing additional pressure on local communities and critical infrastructure.</p> <p>These are just a few examples of the additional information tourists and tourism workers need to adequately prepare for disasters. </p> <p>Natural Hazards Research Australia will now work with Poole and Owens to develop their concept, which is explained in this <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EdsmSPhQ9iM&amp;feature=youtu.be" target="_blank" rel="noopener">short video</a>.</p> <p>Second place in the Disaster Challenge went to Griffith University postgraduate students Jane Toner, Sheridan Keegan, Ahmed Qasim, Lynn Lue-Kopman, Yunjin Wang and Manori Dissanayaka, alongside Cristina Hernandez-Santin from RMIT University.</p> <p>Their pitch was a disaster-activated information hub that harnessed the value of creative place-making and art to bring communities together and provide emergency information to tourists, titled Beacons of Hope.<br /> <br />Third place was awarded to Jyoti Khatri K C and Mohammed Alqahtani, Queensland University of Technology PhD students, who drew on their personal experience of the 2022 Queensland floods to propose ways to harness community connections with culturally and linguistically diverse communities to increase emergency preparedness amongst migrant communities, whose knowledge of potential natural hazards in Australia may be low. The next Disaster Challenge will take place in 2023</p> <p><strong>This article originally appeared on <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/news/emergency-response-solved-via-wifi/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">cosmosmagazine.com</a> and was written by Ian Mannix.</strong></p> <p><em>Image: Shutterstock</em></p>

Travel Trouble

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Huge reward to solve baby's mystery death

<p>NSW Police have offered a massive $250,000 reward for information that solves what happened to toddler Jayleigh Murray. </p> <p>The 11-month-old girl was found unresponsive in her home in Dubbo on June 6th 2019 and was treated at the scene before being flown to Westmead Children's Hospital. </p> <p>Tragically, Jayleigh died six days later. </p> <p>A post-mortem examination revealed that Jayleigh had suffered from non-accidental head trauma and other suspicious injuries before her death.</p> <p>Despite extensive investigation efforts, no arrests have been made in relation to Jayleigh's death.</p> <p>Police are now appealing to the local community to come forward with any information that could lead them to solve what happened to young Jayleigh. </p> <p>Child abuse and sex crimes squad commander Detective Superintendent Jayne Doherty said she hoped the hefty financial reward would prompt people to share any information they may have.</p> <p>“Family and friends have told us that Jayleigh had a vibrant smile and an infectious laugh … we cannot imagine what would lead someone to hurt such a beautiful, helpless little girl,” she said.</p> <p>“We need people in the Dubbo community to come forward and tell Jayleigh’s story for her to help us give meaning to her short life."</p> <p>“Investigators believe there are people living in the community who hold the key to unlocking Jayleigh’s story. We need those people to be courageous and come forward with that information in tribute to a life ended so tragically early."</p> <p>“If we can’t stand up for our children, to defend and protect them, what do we stand for?”</p> <p><em>Image credits: NSW Police</em></p>

Legal

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Hefty reward to help solve brutal murder of elderly man

<p>The NSW Government has announced a $1 million reward will be offered in return for information about the brutal murder of a grandfather who was bashed inside his Sydney home. </p> <p>Kalim Saliba, 86, died after allegedly being assaulted by two men who forced their way inside his home in Cherrybrook in April last year. </p> <p>Police reported that the men entered the couple's home through the front door while they were watching TV, before threatening and assaulting them. </p> <p>Mrs Saliba, 83, managed to flee the scene and get help from neighbours, despite also suffering from head injuries sustained during the attack. </p> <p>Due to extensive head injuries, Mr Saliba died at Westmead Hospital. </p> <p>NSW Police launched a dedicated Strike Force, named Strike Force McCleery, to find answers about the brutal killing, and have spent months sifting through nearby CCTV footage. </p> <p>Reaching a standstill in their investigation, the NSW government and police are set to announce a $1 million reward for information into the horror 2020 death.</p> <p>The reward is for information which leads to the arrest and conviction of any person or persons responsible for Kalim’s death.</p> <p>The reward sum comes just days after police released images of a grey Audi TT RS, which was seen in the area immediately prior and after the alleged murder. </p> <p><span>“Over the last 18 months, investigators have worked tirelessly to locate the Audi, which we believe was used in this heinous crime, and we’re now asking for public assistance in the hope someone may recognise it,” Homicide Squad Commander Detective Superintendent Daniel Doherty said.</span></p> <p>“This is a luxury, high-performance car and we believe it would’ve been noticeable to residents and others in the Cherrybrook area late at night when the violent murder of Mr Saliba took place."</p> <p>“I urge anyone who recognises this vehicle, or who may have information about its owner or current location, to contact police.”</p> <p>Kalim's heartbroken family just want answers and closure over the heartless attack. </p> <p><span>“Our family is devastated and continues to grieve, and we are urging anyone with information to contact police to share what they know, whatever that might be,” Mr Saliba’s son, Joseph Saliba said in April.</span></p> <p><em>Image credits: Facebook / Supplied - NSW Police</em></p>

News

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Mystery of Bert’s missing Logies finally solved

<p><em>Image: Nine News </em></p> <p>Bert Newton was estimated to have won an impressive 36 Logie Awards throughout his TV career, but according to Patti, only 17 are accounted for. So what happened to the rest of them?</p> <p>That mystery was addressed recently on The Morning Show, during their coverage of the entertainment icon’s state funeral in Melbourne.</p> <p>‘[Patti] reckons he has 36 Logies, but you can only find 17 around the house,’ said co-hosts Larry Emdur and Kylie Gilles.</p> <p>‘There are a lot of people around Melbourne with those things on the mantelpiece thanks to Bert Newton.’</p> <p>Bert passed away on October 30, aged 82, after several years of declining health.</p> <p>In the days following the legendary entertainer's death, his friend, entertainment reporter Peter Ford, revealed Bert had confided in him that he'd given away some of his Logies.</p> <p>Ford said that Bert made him promise he wouldn't report on it until after he died, and said that Bert confided to him that he'd "probably broken some kind of Logie law, they're going to come after me.'</p> <p>It was revealed that Bert had gifted one of his Gold Logies to a dying AIDS patient in Melbourne back in 1990.</p> <p>Speaking to Melbourne radio station 3AW earlier this month, Ford said that Bert had even visited the patient at the Fairfield Infectious Diseases Hospital - a place few others wanted to go.</p> <p>'I went out to the hospital and there was a sort of buzz in the air. As soon as I walked in, I could tell it was a different mood and place to what it normally was,' Ford recounted of Bert's visit.</p> <p>Ford added that Bert had gone around the wards visiting the patients and left behind one of his four Gold Logies.</p> <p>Eddie McGuire also spoke about Bert giving away his Logies, recounting Ford’s story while delivering a eulogy at Bert’s funeral.</p> <p>‘Peter told the story, sworn to secrecy until Bert said he’d carked it, of Bert hearing a man dying from AIDS at a time when sufferers were stigmatised and isolated,’ the 57-year-old media personality said.</p> <p>‘Not only did Bert visit and spend hours with every person in the ward, but gave the man one of his beloved Gold Logies.’</p> <p>'An amazing gesture, one that lifted the morale of all in the depths of their despair, the only reward being that Bert gave those on their worst day something to remember as their best.'</p> <p>He added that 'Patti had never heard the story until last week', but it went 'some way' to explaining the missing Logies.</p> <p>'It did, however, go some way to solve a family mystery. Bert had won some 36 Logies over his career, but the family could only find 17. Suddenly it all made sense,' said Eddie.</p>

TV

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Just TWO PERCENT of Elon Musk’s wealth could solve world hunger

<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The director of the United Nations’ World Food Program has called on billionaires to “step up now, on a one-time basis” to solve world hunger, claiming it would require only a fraction of their wealth.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In an interview with CNN, David Beasley specifically mentioned Jeff Bezos and Elon Musk, the world’s richest men, in his appeal.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“$USD 6 ($AUD 7.9 or $NZD 8.36) billion to help 42 million people that are literally going to die if we don’t reach them. It’s not complicated,” he </span><a rel="noopener" href="https://7news.com.au/news/world/just-two-per-cent-of-elon-musks-wealth-could-solve-world-hunger-according-to-un-food-scarcity-organisation-c-4345980" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: 400;">said</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">With Mr Musk’s net worth totalling almost $USD 289 ($AUD 384 or $NZD 402) billion according to Bloomberg, the sum Mr Beasley is asking for would equate to just two percent of his fortune.</span></p> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet"> <p dir="ltr">$36 billion in one day - <a href="https://twitter.com/elonmusk?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@elonmusk</a>'s net worth increase due to a <a href="https://twitter.com/Tesla?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@Tesla</a> / <a href="https://twitter.com/Hertz?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@Hertz</a> deal. Congratulations, Elon! 1/6 of your one day increase would save 42 million lives that are knocking on famine's door. Unprecedented crisis. Unprecedented wealth. Help!! <a href="https://t.co/n4hfpl5NRE">https://t.co/n4hfpl5NRE</a></p> — David Beasley (@WFPChief) <a href="https://twitter.com/WFPChief/status/1453681782742818824?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">October 28, 2021</a></blockquote> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Mr Beasley has also taken to social media to call out the billionaires.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“Congratulations, Elon!” Mr Beasley wrote on Twitter after Mr Musk’s wealth increased by $29 billion in a single day.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“1/6 of your one day increase would save 42 million lives that are knocking on famine’s door. Unprecedented crisis. Unprecedented wealth. Help!”</span></p> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet"> <p dir="ltr">Congratulations to <a href="https://twitter.com/elonmusk?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@elonmusk</a> for passing up <a href="https://twitter.com/JeffBezos?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@JeffBezos</a> as the world’s richest person - worth a whopping $221B! 🥇 Elon, to celebrate I’m offering you a once in a lifetime opportunity: help us save 42M people from starvation for just $6.6B!! Offer expires SOON.. and lives do too.</p> — David Beasley (@WFPChief) <a href="https://twitter.com/WFPChief/status/1450388737444257797?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">October 19, 2021</a></blockquote> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Mr Beasley went on to say that many nations are “knocking on famine’s door”, due to a “perfect storm” of crises including climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“For example, take the United States and the region in Central America, the Dry Corridor, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador and Nicaragua - just down in that area alone,” Mr Beasley said.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“We’re feeding a lot of people down there and the climate is just changing with hurricanes and flash flooding; it’s just devastating.”</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">According to a World Food Program (WFP) report released earlier in the week, 22.8 million people in Afghanistan - almost half the population - are facing an acute hunger crisis.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Meanwhile, the WFP estimates that 5.2 million people in Ethiopia urgently need food assistance. Mr Beasley said humanitarian organisations such as the WFP have also struggled to deliver supplies to people in the region due to ongoing conflicts between Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed and the Tigray People’s Liberation Front.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“I don’t know where they’re getting the food from,” he said. “We’re out of fuel. We’re out of cash, in terms of paying our people and we are running out of money and we can’t get our trucks in.”</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The struggle to feed millions around the world comes as both Mr Bezos and Mr Musk make continued investments in private space travel, which has been criticised by environmentally-minded individuals such as Prince William.</span></p> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Image: @elonmusk / Instagram</span></em></p>

Money & Banking

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How to solve a jigsaw puzzle fast

<p><strong>Puzzle-solving tips from the experts</strong></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Sitting down to begin work on a jigsaw puzzle is an exciting but daunting experience. Alfonso Alvarez-Ossorio, the president of the World Jigsaw Puzzle Federation, and Tammy McLeod, a competitive puzzle solver, share their tips on solving puzzles quickly, expert strategies for completing jigsaw puzzles of all sizes, the best methods to get started with the hobby of puzzling, and more details about how jigsaw champions work on their puzzles.</span></p> <p><strong>The challenges of solving a puzzle fast</strong></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“The difficulty of a jigsaw puzzle – and the time it will take to assemble it – is directly proportional to the number of pieces,” says Alvarez-Ossorio. In addition, there are two factors that account for the difficulty of a jigsaw puzzle, says Alvarez-Ossorio. First, he says is the “morphology of the pieces, which depends on the manufacturer and the die used (the more you distinguish some pieces from others, the easier),” and second is “the contrast of the puzzle image (the greater the contrast, the more diversity of colours and strokes more defined, the easier and faster the assembly).”</span></p> <p><strong>The right surface</strong></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Where you do jigsaw puzzles is almost as important as how you do one. “In official competitions, vinyl-plastic is used so that the pieces move quickly across the surface,” says Alvarez-Ossorio. The mats are usually used white, “to reflect the light of space – lighting is a very important factor.” When doing a puzzle at home, you’ll want a dedicated space, such as a folding card table, so you can spread out your pieces and so they won’t get lost. If you don’t have room, puzzle mats are helpful because you can easily roll a puzzle-in-progress up for storage when you need to reclaim your dining room or coffee table.</span></p> <p><strong>Different strategies for different puzzles</strong></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In her personal puzzle-solving experience, “a 500 piece jigsaw is small enough to be spread out completely on a table so that all the pieces can be viewed at the same time,” McLeod shares. “This makes it easy to simply pick out pieces to be assembled, without sorting; usually, each piece contains enough details to uniquely identify it.” Larger puzzles are a different story, however. With a puzzle of 2000 pieces or more, “each piece contains a much smaller portion of the full image, so it’s faster to sort into general groups,” she says.</span></p> <p><strong>Edges first?</strong></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A popular strategy is to put the edges of the puzzle together first because, with one straight edge, the pieces are easier to identify and put together. “There isn’t a single strategy that will work for 100 per cent of puzzles, but in the majority of cases, it is easiest to start with the edge,” McLeod says. “This does not apply for non-rectangular puzzles and some puzzles where the edge pieces are cut interchangeably, but generally, to solve a puzzle fast, sorting is key.”</span></p> <p><strong>Cutting corners</strong></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Because there are only four of them, McLeod doesn’t spend time looking for corner pieces. “You’d have to spend a lot of time sifting through all the pieces just to find them,” she says. “Instead, start by pulling out the edges, then when you have most of them, start assembling them.” She goes to say that you shouldn’t be of the mind that you need to find every single edge piece, as that too will waste time. “The few edge pieces that you miss will naturally emerge after other pieces get placed.”</span></p> <p><strong>Smart sorting</strong></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“The larger the puzzle, the more time you should devote to sorting the pieces,” says Alvarez-Ossorio. “Divide the jigsaw puzzle by zones, normally identified by colours, though sometimes it can also be by textures.” For example in a puzzle about nature, “separate an area of trees and another from grass – both can be the same colour but the textures are completely different.”</span></p> <p><strong>Perfect placement</strong></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Once you have your pieces sorted, it’s time to start placing them. If your puzzle is of a drawing, painting, or collage that contains lots of details or has words, it makes it easier to place pieces, notes McLeod. On the other hand, “Photographs and landscapes usually have large patches of similar textures which can be a stumbling block for beginners,” she says.</span></p> <p><strong>Take a break</strong></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Don’t expect to complete your puzzle in an afternoon. “I have worked on puzzles with over 4000 pieces that take 60+ hours to complete, so I definitely cannot finish them in a single sitting!” McLeod shares. And yes, fresh eyes can help, especially if you’re tired. You may also want to invest in a lighted magnifying glass.</span></p> <p><strong>Puzzling patience</strong></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“Working on puzzles helps you develop your hand-eye coordination, your visual acuity, colour and shape recognition, and your patience,” McLeod says It’s also a very meditative activity, she says, “Your mind can wander while your hands and eyes are involved with assembling plus you get a hit of dopamine every time you fit a piece, so it becomes a long session of satisfying feelings.”</span></p> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Written by Jeff Bogle. This article first appeared in <a href="https://www.readersdigest.com.au/culture/how-to-solve-a-jigsaw-puzzle-fast">Reader’s Digest</a>. For more of what you love from the world’s best-loved magazine, <a href="http://readersdigest.innovations.com.au/c/readersdigestemailsubscribe?utm_source=over60&amp;utm_medium=articles&amp;utm_campaign=RDSUB&amp;keycode=WRA93V">here’s our best subscription offer.</a></span></em></p>

Mind

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Mystery solved: Savvy shopper reveals bizarre Woolies roast chook fact

<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">An odd fact about Woolies roast chickens has been revealed on social media.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">TikTok user Emma said she and her daughter have often been baffled by the loud rooster-like crowing sound they would hear while shopping at her local Woolies.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">But it wasn’t until recently that she realised what the source of the noise actually was.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“Am I the only one that just realised this sound means the chickens are ready at Woolies?” Emma asked </span><a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@emmalinak80?lang=en&amp;is_copy_url=1&amp;is_from_webapp=v1"><span style="font-weight: 400;">in a video</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> on the platform.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“Have heard this for months at our local and my seven-year-old and I are always wondering WTF it’s for Lol.”</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">In the video, about 20 chickens are roasting in a rotisserie oven.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A few moments later, a loud rooster alarm can be heard chiming through the store.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The revelation has become popular among fellow Woolworths shoppers on Facebook.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“OMG, I’ve always wondered what the sound was ha ha,” one said. “Mystery solved.”</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Another commented: “This has really made me laugh. I love this.”</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Image: Emmalinak80 / TikTok</span></p>

Food & Wine

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How missing feet washed up on Canadian beaches is helping solve the Melissa Caddick mystery

<p><span>The strange phenomenon of dismembered feet sweeping up on Canadian beaches may just help investigators into understanding what happened to missing Sydney businesswoman Melissa Caddick.</span><br /><br /><span>The 49-year-old’s severed foot drifted ashore Bournda Beach on the NSW south coast – hundreds of kilometres from her home in the eastern suburbs.</span><br /><br /><span>Other remains have now washed up on other south coast beaches – a holiday spot in Mollymook, at Cunjurong Point near Lake Conjola, and Warrain Beach at Culburra.</span><br /><br /><span>Forensic testing is currently being done on the remains to figure out whether they are animal or human, and if so, whether they match to Ms Caddick’s DNA.</span><br /><br /><span>A senior investigator who spoke to The Daily Telegraph revealed that the condition of the body parts that have been discovered means that she was most likely on the run for weeks before her death.</span></p> <p><img style="width: 500px; height: 281.25px;" src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/7840095/daily.jpg" alt="" data-udi="umb://media/113aa55b8cd945fdb990a299d92e0cbf" /><br /><br /><span>However, a forensic pathologist has pointed to a bizarre phenomenon in Canada which could possibly point to an alternative theory which is that she met her death in Sydney.</span><br /><br /><span>21 disembodied feet so far have washed up along the British Columbian coast since 2007.</span><br /><br /><span>A coronial investigation that has been ongoing for over a decade, has ruled out that the feet came from people who were killed either in accidents or by suicide, and the feet detached during the normal decomposition process.</span><br /><br /><span>The feet were usually found inside of sneakers, just like Melissa Caddick’s, which the coroner believed was responsible for both keeping the feet buoyant enough to eventually wash ashore.</span><br /><br /><span>The shoes also allegedly gave the feet enough protection from decomposition.</span><br /><br /><span>Dr Matthew Orde, a forensic pathologist with the University of British Columbia, told the Sydney Morning Herald that a modern running shoe provides protection and buoyancy.</span><br /><br /><span>He revealed the decomposing feet were often found “many, many miles” from where they first entered the water.</span><br /><br /><span>“One of the theories is that those running shoes, by virtues of the air pockets in them, are quite buoyant,” Dr Orde said.</span><br /><br /><span>Police are set on searching waters near Caddick’s home in Dover Heights, follow a senior investigator’s doubts over whether her foot could have floated 400km to where it was discovered.</span><br /><br /><span>Superintendent Joe McNulty, Commander of the NSW Marine Command said he has never heard of a case where a body in water could float hundreds of kilometres down the south coast.</span><br /><br /><span>“Something in the water for that long, say a bit of flotsam or jetsam that washes on to the shore, has got green growth on it,” he told The Daily Telegraph.</span><br /><br /><span>“At first examination the shoe doesn’t appear to have been in the water for three months. The shoe needs extensive analysis to see how long it was in the water. It’s a vital clue where hopefully marine biology can provide some answers.”</span><br /><br /><span>Investigators are also exploring the possibility that Ms Caddick is still alive somewhere, without her foot.</span><br /><br /><span>Speaking to Weekend Today on Saturday, University of Newcastle Associate Professor of Criminology Dr Xanthe Mallett said that losing a foot doesn’t automatically spell out death.</span><br /><br /><span>“When it was just a foot I would caution against the possibility that somebody is deceased. You can survive without your foot,” she said.</span><br /><br /><span>Ms Caddick disappeared on November 12 od 2020 after she left her home for what her husband believed was a morning run at 5.30am.</span><br /><br /><span>She has been accused of swindling her friends and family out of millions of dollars through her finance business Maliver Pty Ltd.</span></p>

Legal

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20 rebus puzzles that are almost impossible to solve

<p><strong>Test your smarts with these rebus puzzles</strong><br />Rebus puzzles, also known as word picture puzzles or picture riddles, use images or words to convey a phrase or message, typically a common idiom or expression. To help you solve them, make sure to look at word placement, size, colour and quantity. Take your time and don’t give up. These can be pretty tricky.</p> <p>To help you get your brain on the right track, take a look at the most frequently used idioms in the English language.</p> <p><strong>Rebus puzzle #1</strong><br />We’ll start off with a simple rebus puzzle. Can you guess this one?</p> <p>Answer: Green with envy.</p> <p><strong>Rebus puzzle #2</strong><br />Can you solve this puzzle? Hint: Focus on the word here.</p> <p>Answer: Split pea soup.</p> <p>Try these 21 brain games guaranteed to boost your brain power.</p> <p><strong>Rebus puzzle #3</strong><br />This is one of the rebus puzzles where you need to focus on the placement – and number – of numbers.</p> <p>Answer: For once in my life.</p> <p><strong>Rebus puzzle #4</strong><br />Tilt your head to solve this rebus puzzle.</p> <p>Answer: What goes up must come down.</p> <p>See how you fare with these 19 trivia questions only geniuses get right.</p> <p><strong>Rebus puzzle #5</strong><br />How fast can you solve this tricky rebus puzzle? Make sure to take note of the placement of the words.</p> <p>Answer: Overseas travel.</p> <p>Wrack your brain with these mind-bending logic puzzles.</p> <p><strong>Rebus puzzle #6</strong><br />You might think this rebus puzzle has something to do with wine, but think again.</p> <p>Answer: Win with ease.</p> <p><strong>Rebus puzzle #7</strong><br />Hint: Think of different types of house layouts.</p> <p>Answer: Split level.</p> <p>Here are 5 more puzzles sure to get you thinking.</p> <p><strong>Rebus puzzle #8</strong><br />The answer isn’t “try to stand.” If that’s what you thought, keep guessing.</p> <p>Answer: Try to understand.</p> <p>This puzzle was dubbed the hardest ever by a university professor. Can you solve it?</p> <p><strong>Rebus puzzle #9</strong><br />Clear your brain and think hard about this rebus puzzle. Can you solve it?</p> <p>Answer: Summer (sum R).</p> <p><strong>Rebus puzzle #10</strong><br />We’ll give you a hint to solve this rebus puzzle. What words start with “meta”?</p> <p>Answer: Metaphor.</p> <p><strong>Rebus puzzle #11</strong><br />Hmm, what do those numbers mean?</p> <p>Answer: Safety in numbers.</p> <p><strong>Rebus puzzle #12</strong><br />First, rearrange the letters to make a real word.</p> <p>Answer: Trail mix.</p> <p><strong>Rebus puzzle #13</strong><br />We’ll throw in one of the easier rebus puzzles to give your brain a rest. (The colour here matters.)</p> <p>Answer: Greenhouse.</p> <p><strong>Rebus puzzle #14</strong><br />Can you figure out why the word “cover” appears four times and the word “head” only appears once?</p> <p>Answer: Head for cover.</p> <p><strong>Rebus puzzle #15</strong><br />This one is tricky. What words do you see?</p> <p>Answer: Go up in smoke.</p> <p><strong>Rebus puzzle #16<br /></strong>This rebus puzzle represents an idiom you might use when you’re happy.</p> <p>Answer: Sitting on top of the world.</p> <p><strong>Rebus puzzle #17</strong><br />Notice the shape of this rebus puzzle to help you solve it.</p> <p>Answer: Street corner.</p> <p><strong>Rebus puzzle #18</strong><br />Can you decode this one?</p> <p>Answer: In between jobs.</p> <p><strong>Rebus puzzle #19</strong><br />Rebus puzzles aren’t easy. If you’ve solved every one so far, that’s super impressive.</p> <p>Answer: Up for grabs.</p> <p><strong>Rebus puzzle #20</strong><br />How many of these rebus puzzles did you get right? Guess this last one and finish strong.</p> <p>Answer: Forgive and forget.</p> <p><em>Written by Morgan Cutolo. This article first appeared on <a href="https://www.readersdigest.com.au/true-stories-lifestyle/thought-provoking/20-rebus-puzzles-that-are-almost-impossible-to-solve?pages=1"><span class="s1">Reader’s Digest</span></a>. For more of what you love from the world’s best-loved magazine, <a href="http://readersdigest.com.au/subscribe"><span class="s1">here’s our best subscription offer</span></a>.</em><span></span></p> <p><em>Written by Morgan Cutolo. This article first appeared on <a href="https://www.readersdigest.com.au/culture/see-the-last-photos-ever-taken-of-nelson-mandela"><span class="s1">Reader’s Digest</span></a>. For more of what you love from the world’s best-loved magazine, <a href="http://readersdigest.com.au/subscribe"><span class="s1">here’s our best subscription offer</span></a>.</em><span></span></p>

Mind

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Mystery behind royal green dress solved

<p><span>The Duchess of Cambridge has effortlessly worn glorious gowns, chic casual blouses and even stylish capris that have left many royal watchers completely enamoured by her wardrobe choices.</span><br /><br /><span>Which is why fans took a keen interest in the royal’s latest outfit choice on her most recent video call from the confines of her home.</span><br /><br /><span>Shared via Kensington Royal's social media pages on June 23, the mother-of-three appeared in a new clip alongside Duchess Camilla as they made a call to staff members and a family who have been supported by a UK-based children's hospice.</span><br /><br /><span>Both Kate and Camilla have deep roots with their patronages in the UK, including many hospice organisations which is why they made sure to tune in for the National Children’s Hospice Week.</span><br /><br /><span>In the emotional footage, the 38-year-old royal is seen in her family home Anmer Hall where she has been self-isolating with her three young kids and husband Prince William.</span><br /><br /><span>However, one thing stood out which was her gorgeous green top.</span><br /><br /><span>Fans sure enough found her green ensemble online and confirmed it was in fact a frock we've all seen before on the Duchess.</span><br /><br /><span>Named the 'Maja' dress created by Belgian designer Diane Von Furstenberg, the royal wore the lush green get-up back in 2011 while she was visiting Los Angeles.</span><br /><br /><img style="width: 500px; height: 281.25px;" src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/7836675/prince-harry.jpg" alt="" data-udi="umb://media/b192302d161542e49a2360f759f9bfac" /><br /><br /><span>The dress is special as it is what she wore during one of her first royal tours alongside Prince William.</span><br /><br /><span>The gorgeous frock features a tie at the waist, three-quarter sleeves and dainty, delicate finishes just above the knee.</span></p>

Beauty & Style

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Blackwater mystery solved

<p><span>The town of Blackwater is still reeling over the loss of a local man last week, who was thought to have coronavirus.</span><br /><br /><span>However, Queensland Health has confirmed after thorough testing that 30-year-old Nathan Turner had not contracted COVID before he passed away.</span><br /><br /><span>Officials stated the man had tested positive after he died, which resulted in fever clinics being set up and contact tracers being put in place in the Central Queensland town.</span></p> <p><img style="width: 500px; height: 281.25px;" src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/7836333/blackwater-covid-1.jpg" alt="" data-udi="umb://media/f78e31acf0164afab5be3c9d03304c12" /></p> <p><em>Nathan Turner had underlying health conditions, an autopsy reveals. </em><br /><br /><span>Hundreds of concerned people lined up to be tested for the virus.</span><br /><br /><span>The Emerald miner’s cause of death is yet to be established but an autopsy report has ruled out the contraction of COVID-19 and revealed the man had other underlying health problems.</span><br /><br /><span>The Queensland death total now sits back at six from the previous seven.</span><br /><br /><span>Thousands of people have signed a petition demanding Queensland Premier Annastacia Palaszczuk and the state’s chief health officer apologise for the major bungle.</span><br /><br /><span>Australia has recorded a total 7204 cases of COVID-19, with 3098 in New South Wales, 1653 in Victoria, 1058 in Queensland, 440 in South Australia, 591 in Western Australia, 228 in Tasmania, 107 in the Australian Capital Territory and 30 in the Northern Territory.</span></p>

News

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Million-dollar reward offered to solve 1983 murder of Janita McNaughton

<p>Victoria Police has announced a $1 million reward for anyone with information that helps solve the murder of Janita McNaughton, 36 years after she was shot in the head on a boat in a southern Victorian bay.</p> <p>McNaughton, then 23 years old, was on board a boat with four other people in Western Port Bay on December 27, 1983 when she was fatally shot between the eyes. The part-time model died in hospital from her injuries later that night.</p> <p>Police said homicide squad detectives had spoken to all those on board that day, but they were still seeking answers into her death.</p> <p>Those on board first told police the shot was fired from the shore. Later, investigators were told the gun belonged to one of the passengers and was accidentally fired after it was dropped on the boat.</p> <p>Acting Detective Senior Sergeant Paul Rowe said police have disproved the sniper and the accidental discharge accounts, <em><a href="https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/who-killed-janita-1m-reward-for-clues-to-a-36-year-old-mystery-20200310-p548ly.html">The Age</a> </em>reported.</p> <p>Head of the homicide squad, Detective Inspector Tim Day said police are “keeping an open mind” in its investigation, which was reopened in 2015.</p> <p>“The one thing we do know is that someone out there will know who is responsible for shooting Janita and the exact circumstances in which she died,” he said.</p> <p>A then 29-year-old man was charged with manslaughter in 1983, but had his charges dismissed by a coroner at inquest in 1984.</p> <p>“Janita’s family have suffered heartache for 36 years without knowing why Janita was killed,” Day said.</p> <p>“We’re hopeful that someone out there will be able to provide us with information about her death.</p> <p>“It might be that one of the people on the boat can come forward with the truth, or it might be someone that they’ve spoken to over the years, such as a family member or friend, who can provide us with information.</p> <p>“We know that circumstances change with time and we hope this reward will encourage someone to come forward and give her family some deserved justice.”</p> <p>A reward of up to $1 million would be paid, at the discretion of the Chief Commissioner of Police, for information that led to the conviction of the person or persons responsible over McNaughton’s death.</p> <p>Anyone with information is urged to contact Crime Stoppers on 1800 333 000 or submit a report at <a href="http://www.crimestoppers.com.au/">its website</a>.</p>

Cruising

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Why four rubbish bins won’t solve our issues the way we hope for

<p>Australia is still grappling with what to do with the glut of recyclable material after <a href="https://theconversation.com/chinas-recycling-ban-throws-australia-into-a-very-messy-waste-crisis-95522">China closed most of its market</a> to our recycling in 2018.</p> <p>Now the Victorian government has released the first major change to state recycling policy: a <a href="https://www.premier.vic.gov.au/transforming-recycling-in-victoria/">consistent kerbside four bin system by 2030</a>, and a <a href="https://www.vic.gov.au/container-deposit-scheme">container deposit scheme</a>.</p> <p>So what’s the proposed new kerbside bin system, and will it help alleviate Australia’s recycling crisis? Here’s what you need to know about the extra bin coming your way.</p> <p><strong>The problems with our recycling system</strong></p> <p>There are two big problems – particularly since the China ban.</p> <p>One is about supply. The quality of materials we have for recycling is quite poor, partly from the design of the <a href="https://www.wmrr.asn.au/Public/Press_Releases/MEM_2019__business_as_usual_can_no_longer_be_the_way_to_go.aspx">products</a>, and partly how we collect and sort waste items.</p> <p>The other is demand. There’s not enough demand for recycled materials in new products or infrastructure, and so the commodity value of the materials, even high quality, is low.</p> <p>And even though many of us think we’re good at recycling, many households aren’t getting recycling exactly right because they put things that don’t belong in the recycling bin, such as soft plastics.</p> <p>One reason is because of the confusion about what can be recycled, where and when. A standardised system of collection (no matter how many bins) will go a long way to improving this, and the most exciting aspect of the Victorian announcement is the strong leadership towards consistency across the state.</p> <p>This means by 2030, no matter where Victorians live or visit, they’ll have a consistent kerbside bin system.</p> <p>But to boost our recycling capacity, we need consistency across the country. New South Wales, South Australian and Western Australian governments are already supporting combined food and garden organics bins, and other states are likely to follow as the evidence of the benefits continues to accumulate.</p> <p><strong>What will change?</strong></p> <p>Details are still being ironed out, but essentially, the new system expands the current two or three bins most Victorian houses have to four bins.</p> <p>While paper, cardboard and plastic or metal containers will still go in the yellow bin, glass containers will now have their own separate purple bin (or crate). A green bin, which some Victorians already have for garden vegetation, will expand to collect food scraps.</p> <p>The purple bin will come first, with the gradual roll-out starting next year as some Victorian councils’ existing collection contracts come to a close. The service is expected to be <a href="https://www.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-02/FAQs%20-%20Households.pdf">fully in place by 2027</a> (some remote areas may be exempt).</p> <p>And the expanded green bin service accepting food scraps for composting will be rolled out by 2030, unless councils choose to move earlier (some are already <a href="https://wastemanagementreview.com.au/mwrrg-fogo-guide/">doing so</a>).</p> <p><strong>How extra bins will make a difference</strong></p> <p><a href="https://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/studies/pdf/Separate%20collection_Final%20Report.pdf">A 2015 report</a> on managing household waste in Europe showed separating our waste increases the quality of material collected. Some countries even have up to six bins (or crates, or sacks).</p> <p>That’s because it’s easier for people to sort out the different materials than for machines, particularly food and the complex packaging we have today.</p> <p>A separate bin for food (plus garden organics) will help recover Victoria’s share of the <a href="https://fightfoodwastecrc.com.au/project/consumer-attitudes/">2.5 million tonnes of food and scraps</a> Australian households chuck out each year.</p> <p>And a separate bin for glass will help with <a href="https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=003576f0-9a94-4da2-a388-2316a1ab3d6b&amp;subId=561622">glass breaking in the yellow bin or collection truck</a>, contaminating surrounding paper and cardboard with tiny glass shards that renders them unrecyclable. It should also boost how much glass gets recycled, according to Australia’s <a href="https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=003576f0-9a94-4da2-a388-2316a1ab3d6b&amp;subId=561622">largest glass reprocesser</a>.</p> <p><strong>What do they need to get right?</strong></p> <p>To make sure the transition to the new system is smooth, councils and the Victorian government must consider:</p> <ul> <li>the space needed for four bins</li> </ul> <p>Not everyone has enough space (inside or outside). This may require creative council and household solutions like those already found overseas (stackable crates and segregated bins).</p> <ul> <li>the collection schedule</li> </ul> <p>Does the new purple bin mean we’ll see a another truck, or perhaps a special <a href="https://www.letsrecycle.com/news/latest-news/myth-busting-in-the-midlands/">multi-compartment recycling truck</a>? And once councils have food waste in a weekly green bin, will the red bin collection go fortnightly? This actually makes sense because <a href="https://www.sustainability.vic.gov.au/Government/Waste-and-resource-recovery/Kerbside-waste-and-recycling/Kerbside-organics-collection">35</a>-<a href="http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/8b73aa44-aebc-4d68-b8c9-c848358958c6/files/collection-manual-fs1.pdf">60</a>% of the red bin is food scraps, which will be gone.</p> <ul> <li>correct disposal of food waste</li> </ul> <p>Many councils that have already added food waste to the green bin report contamination issues as people get their head around the transition, such as putting food wrappers in with the food scraps.</p> <ul> <li>correct sorting of recycling</li> </ul> <p>Putting the wrong thing in the recycling bin is a problem across the country, and taking glass out of the yellow bin won’t solve this issue. While this is already being tackled in <a href="http://sustainability.vic.gov.au/recycling">government campaigns</a> and <a href="https://www.behaviourworksaustralia.org/waste-collaboration/">council trials</a>, we’ll likely need more government effort at both a systems and household level.</p> <p><strong>Better collection won’t mean much without demand</strong></p> <p>Collection is only one piece of the puzzle. Government support is needed to make sure all this recycling actually ends up somewhere. Efforts to improve the “supply-side” aspects of recycling can go to waste if there’s no demand for the recycled materials.</p> <p><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/joes.12156">Environmental economists</a> have long pointed out that without government intervention, free markets in most countries will not pay enough or use enough recycled material when new, or “virgin”, materials are so cheap.</p> <p>What’s great for Victoria is the new four bin system is only one pillar of the state’s new <a href="https://www.vic.gov.au/transforming-recycling-victoria">recycling policy</a>.</p> <p>It also includes many demand-side initiatives, from market development grants and infrastructure funding, to developing a Circular Economy Business Innovation Centre. The policy also deems waste management to be an “essential service” and has left space for <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2019/jul/19/minister-flags-ambitious-recycling-targets-to-kickstart-waste-market">strong procurement commitments</a>. Today, Prime Minister Scott Morrison acknowledged the importance of procurement when he announced <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/mar/02/scott-morrison-to-pledge-new-rules-and-better-infrastructure-to-boost-recycling">an overhaul</a> of the <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2019L00536">Commonwealth Procurement Guidelines</a> at the National Plastics Summit, to boost demand for recycled products.</p> <p>We also need regulation on the <a href="https://www.nwric.com.au/waste-exports-alone-wont-drive-resource-recovery/">use of recycled material in products</a>. For example, through mandated targets or fiscal policies like a <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/oct/29/uk-to-consult-on-plastic-packaging-tax-chancellor-says">tax on products made from virgin materials</a>.</p> <p>Since 2018 when China stopped taking most of our recycling, the level of industry, community and media interest has created a strong platform for policy change. It’s exciting to see Victoria responding to the challenge.</p> <p><em>Written by Jennie Downes. Republished with permission of </em><a href="https://theconversation.com/four-bins-might-help-but-to-solve-our-waste-crisis-we-need-a-strong-market-for-recycled-products-132440"><em>The Conversation.</em></a></p>

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