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Why does lightning zigzag?

<p>Everyone has seen lightning and marvelled at its power. But despite its frequency – about 8.6 million lightning strikes occur worldwide every day – why lightning proceeds in a series of steps from the thundercloud to the earth below has remained a mystery.</p> <p>There are a few textbooks on lightning, but none have explained how these “zigzags” (called steps) form, and how lightning can travel over kilometres. My <a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6463/aca103" target="_blank" rel="noopener">new research</a> provides an explanation.</p> <p>The intense electrical fields in thunderclouds excite electrons to have enough energy to create what are known as “singlet delta oxygen molecules”. These molecules and electrons build up to create a short, highly conducting step, which lights up intensely for a millionth of a second.</p> <p>At the end of the step, there is a pause as the build-up happens again, followed by another bright, flashing leap. The process is repeated again and again.</p> <p>An increase in extreme weather events means lightning protection is increasingly important. Knowing how a lightning strike is initiated means we can work out how to better protect buildings, aeroplanes and people. Also, while the use of environmentally friendly composite materials in aircraft is improving fuel efficiency, these materials <a href="https://www.compositesworld.com/articles/lightning-strike-protection-strategies-for-composite-aircraft" target="_blank" rel="noopener">increase the risk of lightning damage</a>, so we need to look at additional protection.</p> <h2>What leads up to a lightning strike?</h2> <p>Lightning strikes happen when thunderclouds with an electric potential of millions of volts are connected to the earth. A current of thousands of amps flows between the ground and the sky, with a temperature of tens of thousands of degrees.</p> <p>Photographs of lightning reveal a host of details not observed by the naked eye. Usually there are four or five faint “leaders” coming from the cloud. These are branched and zigzag on an irregular path towards the earth.</p> <p>The first of these leaders to reach the earth initiates the lightning strike. The other leaders are then extinguished.</p> <p>Fifty years ago, high-speed photography revealed still more complexity. The leaders progress downwards from the cloud in “steps” about 50 metres long. Each step becomes bright for a millionth of a second, but then there is almost complete darkness. After a further 50 millionths of a second another step forms, at the end of the preceding step, but the previous steps remain dark.</p> <p>Why are there such steps? What is happening in the dark periods between steps? How can the steps be electrically connected to the cloud with no visible connection?</p> <p>The answers to these questions lie in understanding what happens when an energetic electron hits an oxygen molecule. If the electron has enough energy, it excites the molecule into the singlet delta state. This is a “metastable” state, which means it is not perfectly stable – but it usually doesn’t fall into a lower energy state for 45 minutes or so.</p> <p>Oxygen in this singlet delta state detaches electrons (required for electricity to flow) from negative oxygen ions. These ions are then replaced almost immediately by electrons (which carry a negative charge) again attaching to oxygen molecules. When more than 1% of the oxygen in the air is in the metastable state, the air can conduct electricity.</p> <p>So the lightning steps occur as enough of the metastable states are created to detach a significant number of electrons. During the dark part of a step, the density of metastable states and electrons is increasing. After 50 millionths of a second, the step can conduct electricity – and the electrical potential at the tip of the step increases to approximately that of the cloud, and produces a further step.</p> <p>The excited molecules created in previous steps form a column all the way to the cloud. The whole column is then electrically conducting, with no requirement of an electric field and little emission of light.</p> <h2>Protecting people and property</h2> <p>The understanding of lightning formation is important for the design of protection for buildings, aircraft and also people. While it is <a href="https://www.uwa.edu.au/study/-/media/Faculties/Science/Docs/Lightning-facts.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">rare for lightning to hit people</a>, buildings are hit many times – especially tall and isolated ones.</p> <p>When lightning hits a tree, sap inside the tree boils and the resulting steam creates pressure, splitting open the trunk. Similarly, when lightning hits the corner of a building, water from rain that has seeped into the concrete boils. The pressure blasts off the whole corner of the building, creating the risk of deadly collapses.</p> <p>A lightning rod invented by Benjamin Franklin in 1752 is basically a thick fencing wire attached to the top of a building and connected to the ground. It is designed to attract lightning and earth the electric charge. By directing the flow through the wire, it saves the building from being damaged.</p> <p>These Franklin rods are required for tall buildings and churches today, but the uncertain factor is how many are needed on each structure.</p> <p>Furthermore, hundreds of structures are not protected, including shelter sheds in parks. These structures are often made from highly conductive galvanized iron, which itself attracts lightning, and supported by wooden posts.</p> <p>The new version of Standards Australia for lightning protection recommends such shelters be earthed.</p> <p><strong>This article originally appeared on <a href="https://theconversation.com/why-does-lightning-zigzag-at-last-we-have-an-answer-to-the-mystery-195549" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Conversation</a>.</strong></p> <p><em>Image: Shutterstock</em></p>

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"I was like a flaming ball": Man struck TWICE by lightning shares his story

<p dir="ltr"><em>Content warning: This article contains graphic content.</em></p> <p dir="ltr">Ten years after a freak accident killed and revived him, New Zealand man Troy Hall is sharing his recovery story.</p> <p dir="ltr"><a rel="noopener" href="https://7news.com.au/lifestyle/real-life/new-zealand-man-killed-then-brought-back-to-life-by-120000-volt-powerline-electrocution-shares-story-of-survival-c-4989811" target="_blank">Speaking to<span> </span><em>7Life</em></a>, 32-year-old Mr Hall admitted he is “still battling demons” after he was struck by 120,000 volts of electricity twice in the same day.</p> <p>He hopes his story - which he has not spoken openly about before - inspires other burn victims to keep fighting.</p> <p><img style="width: 0px; height:0px;" src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/7846520/2e946d2bbca6449cab6c9484a3127404518fe165.jpg" alt="" data-udi="umb://media/804183b76228482694a00b127f46d34a" /></p> <p dir="ltr"><em>Troy Hall suffered severe burns across more than half his body. Image: 7NEWS</em></p> <p dir="ltr">In 2011, Mr Hall was working in picking fruit in an avocado orchard.</p> <p dir="ltr">The then-22-year-old had been working outside in the rain all day, climbing up and down cherry pickers to reach the highest fruit.</p> <p dir="ltr">His father John warned him to be careful of the overhead power lines, but Troy laughed off the warning as one of the lines “crackled” above them.</p> <p dir="ltr">He now says that act was “fearless and arrogant”.</p> <p dir="ltr">As his shift was about to end, Mr Hall searched for phone reception to call his then-partner and let her know he was finishing up and heading home. He managed to reach her after climbing up a cherry picker, then he made his way back down.</p> <p dir="ltr">“I was about four and a half metres away from the power line, but you know power jumps,” he said.</p> <p dir="ltr">What happened next was a blur for Mr Hall, but his dad has since helped him piece together the story.</p> <p dir="ltr">“I just remember blacking out,” he recalled.</p> <p dir="ltr">The pair believe that, due to the wet weather, an arc of electricity jumped from the nearby powerline and delivered 120,000 volts through the right side of Mr Hall’s head.</p> <p dir="ltr">The shock instantly killed him and he dropped to the ground.</p> <p dir="ltr">But, the young man was struck again, this time through his chest, which the pair believe brought him “back to life”.</p> <p dir="ltr">“It was only a few moments later, but it blew my chest up and restarted my heart,” Mr Hall said.</p> <p dir="ltr">“It lit me up from the inside… I was like a flaming ball.”</p> <p dir="ltr">He recalled that everything went instantly dark.</p> <p dir="ltr">“I couldn’t see or feel anything, I didn’t really understand what was going on,” he said.</p> <p dir="ltr">As Mr Hall tried to stand up, his dad came to aid and yelled at him to “stay down”.</p> <p dir="ltr">His co-workers and dad worked to try and “damp out” his body, which was engulfed in flames.</p> <p dir="ltr">“I could just hear everyone panicking and crying,” Mr Hall said.</p> <p dir="ltr">“Dad was yelling at me to ‘just stay in the water’.”</p> <p dir="ltr">By the time the ambulance arrived, his body had swelled up to five times its size and more than 60 percent was covered in third-degree burns.</p> <p dir="ltr"><img style="width: 500px; height:375.3846153846154px;" src="https://oversixtydev.blob.core.windows.net/media/7846518/a817b3a257c8b33aeb00890ab6ed49564a60d6a7.jpg" alt="" data-udi="umb://media/61e8e9a1fa224341babafa0f3c950cd7" /></p> <p dir="ltr"><em>Troy spent months recovering, and says he is still “battling demons”. Image: 7NEWS</em></p> <p dir="ltr">“The doctors told me I probably would never walk or talk again,” he said.</p> <p dir="ltr">“I was trying to talk but couldn’t.”</p> <p dir="ltr">Despite facing the possibility of losing his right leg and arm, Mr Hall thought to himself, “‘I will f***ing show you’”.</p> <p dir="ltr">A few weeks later, he took his first steps and regained his voice shortly after.</p> <p dir="ltr">But, after undergoing multiple skin grafts taken from his legs, he lost an ear and sight in his left eye.</p> <p dir="ltr">“I have a prosthetic ear now, it looks so realistic - I just pop it on!” he said.</p> <p dir="ltr">“It’s actually a great party trick … the kids love it,” he laughed.</p> <p dir="ltr">Mr Hall has maintained that the last ten years have been far from easy, but that his recovery was due to his seven-year-old daughter Nevaeh.</p> <p dir="ltr">“I couldn’t have gotten through this without her,” he said.</p> <p dir="ltr">“I am so grateful she is in my life and I tell her that every time I see her.”</p> <p dir="ltr">With help from his dad and friends Richard and Viv, Mr Hall got back on his feet and has since started his own avocado business called Crispy Avo.</p> <p dir="ltr">“I certainly underestimated the power of electricity,” he admitted.</p> <p dir="ltr">With his continuing recovery, Mr Hall said he is still coming to terms with his appearance, but that it pales in comparison to current world events.</p> <p dir="ltr">“It’s a first world problem,” he said.</p> <p dir="ltr"><em>Image: 7NEWS</em></p>

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Olympic hopeful killed by lightning strike

<div class="post_body_wrapper"> <div class="post_body"> <div class="body_text redactor-styles redactor-in"> <div class="post_body_wrapper"> <div class="post_body"> <div class="body_text redactor-styles redactor-in"> <p>The surfing world has been left shocked after Katherine Diaz Hernandez was killed by a lightning strike at a beach in El Salvador over the weekend.</p> <p>She was entering the water around 5 pm when the lightning hit her.</p> <p>Members of the public rushed to try to help her, with an ambulance rushing her to the hospital. Unfortunately, she could not be revived.</p> <blockquote style="background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 540px; min-width: 326px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);" class="instagram-media" data-instgrm-captioned="" data-instgrm-permalink="https://www.instagram.com/p/CK7kDQOjzF0/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" data-instgrm-version="13"> <div style="padding: 16px;"> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;"></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;"></div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;"></div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 19% 0;"></div> <div style="display: block; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto 12px; width: 50px;"></div> <div style="padding-top: 8px;"> <div style="color: #3897f0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 550; line-height: 18px;">View this post on Instagram</div> </div> <p style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none;" rel="noopener" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/CK7kDQOjzF0/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" target="_blank">A post shared by KATHERINE DIAZ (@katherinecook7)</a></p> </div> </blockquote> <p> </p> <p>Diaz was training for a global competition to be held in El Salvador that is the last qualifying event before the Olympics.</p> <p>“I just found out about the death of Salvadoran surfer Katherine Díaz,” said Yamil Bukele, president of the Salvadoran Sports Institute. “I am very sorry for this death and I join the pain that overwhelms her family. Our solidarity with ‘el Bamba’ and the surf family. Peace for your soul.”</p> <p>Jaime Delgado, the former president of the Salvadoran Surf Federation, posted on Facebook: “You enjoyed your dream and you started doing what you liked the most.</p> <p>"Those of us who knew you know that you leave a great emptiness in our hearts. A hug to heaven, ‘Katu’, Katherine Díaz”.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>

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What happens when a plane gets struck by lightning

<p>The "sacrificial" static dischargers, or wicks, at an aircraft's extremities are "designed to melt and burn as the discharge goes through the plane", said David Reynolds, senior technical officer with the New Zealand Airline Pilots Association. However, as the dischargers are outside the plane, you will not normally smell them in the cabin. </p> <p>Even if you have been flying for years, the smell - and "big bang" that precedes it when the lightning bolt hits - can come as a shock, he said.</p> <p>"It's quite a show. There's a massive great bang almost like an explosion and a flash as the lightning goes through the aircraft. There's a mild ozoney smell as well... It's very disturbing for everybody."</p> <p>Air New Zealand flight NZ621 from Auckland was one of two flights to Queenstown diverted on Sunday due to lightning. The other was Air New Zealand flight NZ605 from Wellington. Both were forced to make unscheduled landings in Christchurch.</p> <p>Lightning strikes on aircraft are not unusual and modern airliners are built to handle them.</p> <p>It is many years since a lightning strike was implicated in a deadly crash by an airliner, and lessons learned in the past have been incorporated into the design of modern planes.</p> <p>New Zealand Airline Pilots Association technical officer Dave Reynolds said each large commercial aircraft is hit by lightning once or twice a year on average.</p> <p>"It's quite a traumatic event for the aircraft as well as for the people on board," he said. "Up to a million volts pass through the aircraft which is massive when you think most power lines have thousands of volts. The energy is dissipated through the aircraft, which is the secret these days. They used to explode because the fuel tanks were not protected."</p> <p>On modern aircraft, it is not possible for lightning currents to cause sparks in the fuel tanks and the fuselage, or body, acts as a Faraday cage (a container that blocks electromagnetic fields).</p> <p>Lightning typically strikes one of the plane's outer extremities - such as the wingtip, nose or rudder - and the current exits via another extremity, such as the tail.</p> <p>"An aircraft can withstand the million volts passing through it," Reynolds said. "There are metal strips between everything to make sure the electricity gets conducted. But here's always a little bit of damage, such as a burn mark or a little distortion of the metal."</p> <p>While a lightning strike is "not a fatal blow" for an aircraft, it can knock out certain displays and systems. Planes will land as soon as possible as "a precautionary measure".</p> <p>Most strikes occur following take-off or descending to a landing so the planes return to their airfields they left from. However, as the two Air New Zealand flights on Sunday were closer to their destination of Queenstown, they diverted to Christchurch Airport, which has more engineering facilities than Queenstown.</p> <p>"So while a lightning strike doesn't make an aircraft unflyable, it does set up a requirement to land as a precaution to make sure all systems are working ok," Reynolds said, noting that some systems cannot be rebooted in the air.</p> <p><strong>What lightning does to a plane</strong></p> <p>One catalyst for research into lightning effects on aircraft was the crash of a Pan American Boeing 707 in Maryland US in 1963, killing all 81 people on board. It was the last time lightning caused an airliner to crash in the US.</p> <p>An investigation decided the likely cause of the crash was the lightning-induced ignition of the fuel/air mixture in a fuel tank. The crew lost control of the plane after a resulting explosion caused the left outer wing of the aircraft to disintegrate.</p> <p>The aircraft had safety features available at the time but much less was known then about the way lightning affected aircraft, the FAA said.</p> <p>Another well-known crash of an airliner hit by lightning happened in the Peruvian jungle on Christmas Eve 1971. Of the 92 people on board one survived - Juliane Koepcke, who was 17 at the time.</p> <p><em>The Telegraph</em>, which interviewed Koepcke in 2012 after she wrote a book about her ordeal, reported that a bolt of lightning hit one of the fuel tanks of the LANSA airline Lockheed Electra turboprop. The right wing of the plane was torn off and the aircraft went into a nosedive.</p> <p>Koepcke, who was sitting in the window seat next to her mother, was <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/authorinterviews/9143701/Sole-survivor-the-woman-who-fell-to-earth.html" target="_blank">suddenly falling through the air</a></strong></span>, still strapped to her seat. She lost consciousness then came to the next morning on the floor of the rainforest. Despite falling more than 3km, she was able to walk away with nothing more than concussion, a broken collarbone, a gash on her leg and a small cut on her arm.</p> <p>Nowadays, only rarely are passengers even aware their plane has been struck by lightning, according to <em>Air &amp; Space</em>, the magazine of the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum.</p> <p>Partly passengers were unaware because the aluminium in a plane's hull mostly <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="http://www.airspacemag.com/flight-today/how-things-work-lightning-protection-161993347/" target="_blank">conducted the charge from lightning strikes</a></strong></span> from entry point to exit, <em>Air &amp; Space</em> said.</p> <p>The use of composite materials in modern airliners such as the Boeing 787, with a fuselage made predominantly of carbon fibre, had meant some additional design features were needed. Those included putting some metal back into the fuselage for lightning protection.</p> <p>The nose cone, which had been made of composite material for decades to avoid interference with the radar inside, had thin metal strips incorporated onto the surface to act as little lightning rods. They prevented lightning from puncturing the radome and damaging its electronics.</p> <p>Conductive metals were used to bond lights to the wingtips, with the bonding protecting the lights by grounding them to the rest of the airplane.</p> <p>Skin around fuel tanks in the wings must be thick enough to avoid a burn-through, and all joints and fasteners were tightly secured to prevent arcing or sparking in the airplane's fuel tanks.</p> <p>Avionics and flight control systems had surge protection devices, while wiring throughout an airplane was shielded. There were redundant systems as a backup to primary flight control systems.</p> <p>Conductive copper or aluminium meshes were incorporated into the hull of airliners with composite skins. The mesh spread the current to minimise damage to the skin where lightning attached, and kept the current on the outside of the fuselage. That helped reduce voltages that might be induced inside the airplane that could threaten electrical systems.</p> <p><em>Live Science</em> reported the US National Transportation Safety Board had recorded just<a href="https://www.livescience.com/32638-do-planes-get-struck-by-lightning.html" target="_blank"> <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>24 incidents caused by lightning strikes between 1962 and 2010</strong></span></a>, out of a total of 140,000 aviation accidents.</p> <p>That included the 1963 Maryland crash, with most of the other 23 incidents involving small private planes or helicopters, and in one case a hot air balloon. Four of the other crashes involved fatalities, with 11 people dying.</p> <p>William Voss, a former FAA commissioner and also previously head of US aviation safety non-profit group Flight Safety Foundation, told CNN it was <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="http://edition.cnn.com/2010/TRAVEL/08/17/planes.lightning.strikes/index.html" target="_blank">"pretty unlikely" lightning would cause a plane to crash</a></strong></span> nowadays.</p> <p>"I can't say anything is impossible, but we certainly don't see that happening. It's pretty well down on our list of concerns, again because we have a lot of experience with this, and aircraft get hit by lightning every day," Voss said.</p> <p>Most of the time lightning strikes dissipated. "Sometimes the lightning bolt is substantial enough that it will actually maybe punch a little hole in the skin as it goes out, but that's about all that it really does."</p> <p>Were you aware of this?</p> <p><em>Written by Lorna Thornber and Michael Daly. Republished with permission of <a href="http://www.stuff.co.nz/" target="_blank"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Stuff.co.nz</span></strong></a>.</em></p>

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Pilot captures incredible photos of lightning mid-flight

<p>A pilot with an eye for dramatic storm images has captured an electrifying shot of a lightning bolt illuminating the night sky above the Amazon.</p> <p>Santiago Borja, who flies for a major South American airline, often witnesses amazing natural phenomena on his travels but said he had "never seen lightning like it before", the Daily Mail reported.</p> <p>Fortunately Borja was off-duty when the mega-bolt struck above the Ecuadorian Amazon, meaning he could snap away to his heart's content without distractions.</p> <p>The Ecuador-based pilot also captured a host of other photos of storm clouds he likened to a nuclear explosion as the Boeing 737-300ER made its way to Europe. </p> <p>The thunder clouds, or cumulonimbus, are the only kind of clouds capable of producing hail, thunder and lightning.</p> <p>Borja is building a reputation for his storm imagery and, last year, won third place in the National Geographic Nature Photographer of the Year award for a picture of a thunderstorm brewing above the Pacific Ocean.</p> <p>While many might think they'd be petrified rather than enthralled by such epic storms taking place outside the cabin windows, Borja said they are typically much further away than they appear.</p> <p>"These days aircraft have advanced equipment to circle around storms this big without entering any dangerous zones," he said previously about a formidable-looking storm in Panama.</p> <p>"We did not even experience any turbulence the entire flight due to this storm - it was so easy to see and avoid that we circled around it very easily."</p> <p>Borja now carries his camera everywhere to ensure he has it on hand when a great photo opportunity strikes. He shares his images on his website and Instagram.</p> <p><em>First appeared on <a href="http://www.Stuff.co.nz" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Stuff.co.nz</strong></span></a>. Image credit: <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="https://www.instagram.com/santiagoborja/" target="_blank">Santiago Borja</a></strong></span> / Instagram </em></p> <p><strong>Related links:</strong></p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="http://www.oversixty.co.nz/travel/travel-tips/2017/01/passengers-should-be-weighed-for-flights-according-to-fellow-flyers/"><em>Passengers should be weighed for flights, according to fellow flyers</em></a></strong></span></p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="http://www.oversixty.co.nz/travel/travel-tips/2017/01/snake-on-a-plane-grounds-emirates-flight/"><em>Snake on a plane grounds Emirates flight</em></a></strong></span></p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="http://www.oversixty.co.nz/travel/international/2017/01/why-passengers-always-board-planes-from-the-left-side/"><em>Why passengers always board planes from the left side</em></a></strong></span></p>

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Once-in-a-lifetime shot of lightning and rainbow together

<p>Wow, this isn’t a scene you see much in your lifetime. But for Greg McCowan it’s an image he’s been trying to capture for the last seven years. The 42-year-old from Arizona saw the lightning and rainbow combo driving to work all those years ago and it left such an impression that he’s been trying to capture it for posterity ever since.</p> <p>McCowan says his quest for the shot hasn’t been easy, as the timing of the shot needs to be perfect.</p> <p>“Our reaction time to see lightning and hit the trigger in time to catch it just are not fast enough,” McCown said. “So I used a lightning trigger – this is a small device that sits on top of the camera, senses the lightning and fires the trigger.”</p> <p> <img width="563" height="394" src="http://static.boredpanda.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/rainbow-lightning-together-one-photo-greg-mccown-1.jpg" alt="rainbow-lightning-together-one-photo-greg-mccown-1" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-268361"/></p> <p><strong>Find more information at</strong> <a href="http://saguaropictures.com/#/page/home/" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Greg McCowan's photography website. </strong></span></a></p> <p><strong>Related links: </strong></p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><em><a href="/news/news/2015/08/sea-slug-photos/">Photographer captures photos of cutest underwater creature ever</a></em></strong></span></p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><em><a href="/news/news/2015/08/stop-batter-splatter/">The easy trick to stop making a mess when making a cake</a></em></strong></span></p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><em><a href="/news/news/2015/08/dog-does-housework/">Watch this dog doing the housework</a></em></strong></span></p>

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